House of Lords

Japanese: House of Lords（英語表記）HouseofLords

…However, in the 16th century, the House of Commons, which had superior authority in approving financial burdens, became more important and popular due to the fact that Parliament, as a legislative body, was more useful in governing the country than as a judicial body, and the people's concern about the expansion of the royal finances grew. After the Glorious Revolution, the risk of the king's infringement of Parliament's authority was legally suppressed, and regular meetings of Parliament became customary to approve the financing of the long-running continental wars started by William III. As a result, the House of Commons was established as a powerful governing body superior to the House of Lords. In exchange for approving the budget, the institutional basis for controlling the king through the composition of the cabinet was solidified, and the cabinet came to be recognized as the de facto government itself. …

From the Supreme Court

The Constitutional Court of the United Kingdom, the House of Lords, and the French Court of Cassation, the Court of Cassation, are also the highest judicial organs in the world, and are equivalent to the Supreme Court of Japan.
[Supreme Court Justice]
The Supreme Court is made up of 15 judges, the chief judge of which is the Chief Justice, and the other 14 judges are called Supreme Court Justices.

From the Senate

...Their official names vary from country to country. For example, in the United States it is called the Senate, in the United Kingdom it is called the House of Lords, in Germany it is called the Bundesrat, in the former Soviet Union it is called the Sovet Natsional'nostei (Federal Assembly in the Russian Federation after the collapse of the Soviet Union), and in Japan it was called the House of Lords under the Meiji Constitution and is now called the House of Councillors. Their structures and functions are also diverse, but broadly speaking they can be divided into (1) those that represent privileged classes such as hereditary aristocracy and the propertied classes and protect the interests of conservative forces (Britain, Japan under the Meiji Constitution), (2) those that represent the states and speak for the interests of the states in federal states (such as the United States, Germany, and the former Soviet Union), and (3) those that are expected to play the role of professional representatives or a house of common sense (such as Ireland and the former Yugoslavia). ...

*Some of the terminology that refers to "House of Lords" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…しかし16世紀に入り，司法体としてよりも立法機関としての議会に国家統治上の効用が見いだされたことや，王室財政の膨張に対する臣民の関心が強まったことなどの事情から，財政負担承認に優越的権能をもつ下院(庶民院House of Commons)の重要性と人気が高まった。　〈名誉革命〉後，王権による議会権能侵犯の危険が法的に抑制されたのに加え，ウィリアム3世の始めた長期にわたる大陸戦争の戦費調達を承認するため，定期的な議会開催が慣例となった結果，下院は上院(貴族院House of Lords)を凌ぐ有力な統治機関として確立された。予算承認と引換えに，内閣の人員構成を通して国王の統制を図る制度的基礎が固まり，内閣は事実上政府そのものとして認知されていく。…

【最高裁判所】より

…ただし，これらは違憲立法審査権をもたず，その権限を行使するのは，別に設置される連邦憲法裁判所Bundesverfassungsgerichtである。ほかにイギリスの貴族院House of Lords，フランスの破毀院Cour de cassationが司法の最高機関として，日本の最高裁判所に相当するといえるが，その性格や機能の面で異なる点も多くみられる。
［最高裁判所裁判官］
　最高裁判所は，15名の裁判官により構成され，その長たる裁判官を最高裁判所長官，他の14名の裁判官を最高裁判所判事という。…

【上院】より

…その正式な名称は，国によって異なる。たとえば，アメリカ合衆国では元老院Senate，イギリスでは貴族院House of Lords，ドイツでは連邦参議院Bundesrat，旧ソ連では民族ソビエト(民族会議)Sovet Natsional’nostei(ソ連崩壊後のロシア連邦では連邦会議)，日本では明治憲法下にあっては貴族院，現在は参議院である。その構成や機能も多様であるが，大別すれば，(1)世襲貴族や資産階級などの特権的階層を代表し，保守勢力の利益を擁護するもの(イギリス，明治憲法下の日本)，(2)連邦国家において，州を代表し州の利益を代弁するもの(アメリカ合衆国，ドイツ，旧ソ連など)，(3)職能代表あるいは良識の府としての役割を期待されているもの(アイルランド，旧ユーゴスラビアなど)などに分けられる。…

※「House of Lords」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

<<: House of Representatives

>>: The House of Life