Gyoen - Gyoen

Japanese: 行円 - ぎょうえん

...The latter example is the construction of a pond by the local people in Koinumaruho, Harima Province, who "devised strategies and exerted all their efforts," and this kind of joint development by farmers became an important basis for the establishment of medieval villages. In contrast, the former was a relatively large-scale development, and development lords included lower-ranking aristocrats, temple priests, and priests such as Daijokan Chuke Otsuki Takamoto, who became the development lord of Kunitomiho in Wakasa Province, Kanshin-in Obeto Gyoen, who became the development lord of Habakabeho in Tanba Province and organized the tato, and Kamo no Mizosha Negi Kamo no Ata no Suke Yuki, who attempted to develop Shioiri Wilderness in Inasho, Settsu Province. However, the most typical development lord was the local lord who established his main territory through development since the Heian period and passed it down to his descendants. ...

From [Kedo]

…The temple's real name is Reiyuzan Gyoganji. It was founded in 1004 (Kanko 1) during the mid-Heian period by Gyoen. Gyoen was a saint at Yokawa on Mount Hiei, and always wore a deerskin robe and taught the common people on the streets. …

From [Hababeho]

…The land of Gion Kanshin-in in Kyoto was located in the eastern part of the Sasayama Basin (present-day Sasayama-cho, Taki-gun, Hyogo Prefecture). In 1098 (Shotoku 2), Gyoen, the chief priest of Kanshin-in, established the estate based on his newly acquired private land of 25 cho (8 tan) and 8 tan. This private land was jointly transferred to Gyoen by 13 local tato (tatō) people in exchange for the payment of Kanshin-in's fukōmono (a type of item of land used by the lord of the temple)…

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Gyoen" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…播磨国小犬丸保の〈土民等〉が〈計略を廻らし，功力を尽し〉て池を築造したのは後者の代表例であり，こうした農民的共同開発が中世村落成立の重要な基盤となった。それに対して前者は，比較的大規模な開発であり，若狭国国富保の開発領主となった太政官厨家小槻隆職，丹波国波々伯部保の開発領主として田堵等の組織者となった感神院大別当行円，摂津国猪名荘内の塩入荒野を開発せんとした鴨御祖社禰宜鴨県主祐季など下級貴族･寺僧･神官なども開発領主となっている。しかし何と言っても開発領主の典型は，平安時代以来の開発によってその本領を確立し子孫に伝領した在地領主である。…

【革堂】より

…正称は霊麀山（れいゆうざん）行願寺。当寺は平安中期の1004年(寛弘1)，行円が創建した。行円は叡山の横川（よかわ）の聖（ひじり）で，常に鹿の皮衣をまとい，巷で庶人を教化した。…

【波々伯部保】より

…丹波篠山（ささやま）盆地の東部(現，兵庫県多紀郡篠山町)に位置した京都祇園感神院の社領。1098年(承徳2)感神院大別当行円が，獲得したばかりの私領の田地25町8反余をもとに立保。この私領は，当地の田堵（たと）ら13人が感神院の封物を納める代りに，先祖相伝の田地を共同で行円に譲り渡したものであった。…

※「行円」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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