Position classification plan

Japanese: 職階制 - しょっかいせい（英語表記）position classification plan

In modern organizations such as government agencies and large corporations, a system aims to scientifically manage personnel by classifying and arranging the large number and variety of jobs into several groups according to the complexity, difficulty, and responsibility of the job. The classification of jobs, which is the basis of this system, is based on the objective content of the job, and is first categorized into "job types," then "job groups," which are then further divided into grades to create "job ranks." In this way, fairness in salaries and appointments and clarity of responsibility are expected. This is a common system in the United States, but in Japan, it is often associated with a pre-modern sense of hierarchy based on status, and in practice, wage disparities are introduced and status discrimination is established, so it is often used synonymously with status hierarchy. According to the Law on the Rank System for National Civil Servants, the rank system is "a plan to classify and organize government positions according to the type of job and the degree of complexity and responsibility." A government position is "the duties and responsibilities assigned to one person," not the abilities or qualifications of an individual. These positions are broadly divided into job types based on the similarity of their duties, and then further divided into ranks based on the complexity and responsibility of the job. The National Personnel Authority is supposed to implement a rank system for national civil servants (see National Civil Service Law 29, Law Concerning the Rank System for National Civil Servants), but it has not yet been realized in the strict sense.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

官公庁や大企業などの近代的組織において，多量かつ多種多様な職務を内容の複雑性，困難性，責任性などに応じていくつかの集団に分類整理し，科学的人事管理を目指す制度。この制度の根幹をなす職務の分類は，職務の客観的内容によって行われ，まず「職種」に，次に「職群」に類別し，さらにそれを等級に区分して「職級」がつくられる。こうして給与や任用の公平，責任の明確さが期待されることとなる。アメリカで一般的な制度であるが，日本の場合は前近代的な身分制的序列感覚と結びつけて考えられるため，実際には賃金格差が持込まれたり，身分的な差別が設けられることとなり，身分的序列と同義に使用されることが多い。国家公務員の職階制に関する法律によると職階制とは，「官職を，職務の種類及び複雑と責任の度に応じ，……分類整理する計画」である。官職とは「1人の人間に割当てられた職務と責任」であり，個人のもつ能力や資格ではない。この官職を職務の類似性によって，職種に大別し，さらに複雑さと責任を基準にして職級に細別する。人事院によって国家公務員の職階制が実施されることになっているが (国家公務員法 29，国家公務員の職階制に関する法律参照) ，厳密な意味での実現はまだなされていない。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

<<: Antennae

>>: Food currency - Shokka