Storehouse construction - Dozo-zukuri

This refers to a construction style in which the exterior of a building is plastered with large walls like a storehouse, with no exposed wooden parts such as pillars. Since it is fire-resistant, it has been used not only for storehouses but also for townhouses in the early modern period. Since the walls are large walls made by nailing lattices to the outside of the pillars and plastering them, it is also called o-kabe-zukuri. In early modern townhouses, the pillars are exposed on the first floor, but the second floor is made of storehouse-style, and the window lattices and rafters under the eaves are also plastered, which is called nuriya-zukuri. At the end of the Edo period, stores that at first glance look like storehouses were built, with thick walls and clay doors on the windows, especially with fire resistance in mind. This is called misegura, and is typical of dozo-zukuri. In contrast, nuriya-zukuri generally has thin large walls.

Famous townhouses built in Dozo-zukuri style can be found in many regions, including Kitakata City, Fukushima Prefecture, Kawagoe City, Saitama Prefecture, and Takaoka City, Toyama Prefecture, and since the Meiji period, the main walls have often been finished with gray plaster or black plaster. Dozo-zukuri stores have also appeared, using bricks in key areas. In the Yamagata region, Dozo-zukuri style has been used not only for stores since the Meiji period, but also for ordinary residences, and there are examples of Dozo-zukuri for living rooms and Buddhist altar rooms.

[Kudou Yoshiaki]

"Kura" edited by Noboru Kawazoe (1980, Bungeishunju)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

建物の外観が土蔵のように大壁(おおかべ)で塗り籠(こ)めて、柱などの木の部分を露出しない造り方をいう。耐火性があるため、近世以降は土蔵だけではなしに町家の店舗にも用いられた。壁は柱の外側に間渡(まわたし)を打ち付けて塗られる大壁となるため、大壁造ともいう。また、近世の町家にあっては、一階部分は柱を露出するが、二階は土蔵造とし、窓の格子や軒裏の垂木(たるき)も塗り籠めたものを塗屋造(ぬりやづくり)という。江戸時代末期には、とくに耐火性を考慮して壁を厚くして、窓にも土扉をつけ、一見土蔵風にみえる店舗がつくられる。これを店蔵(みせぐら)とよび、土蔵造の典型的なものである。これに対して、塗屋造は概して大壁が薄い。

　土蔵造の著名な町家は福島県喜多方(きたかた)市、埼玉県川越(かわごえ)市、富山県高岡(たかおか)市など多くの地方に所在し、明治時代以降は大壁を鼠漆喰(ねずみじっくい)・黒漆喰仕上げとすることが多い。また、れんがを要所に用いる土蔵造の店舗も現れる。山形地方では明治時代から店舗に限らず、一般の住居にも土蔵造が取り入れられ、居間や仏間を土蔵造とする例もみられる。

［工藤圭章］

『川添登編『蔵』（1980・文芸春秋）』

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例