Bulbous bow - Bulbous bow

Japanese: 球状船首 - きゅうじょうせんしゅ
Bulbous bow - Bulbous bow

A ship's bow has a bulbous bulge below the waterline, which protrudes slightly forward. The bulbous bulge is called a bulbous bow, and this type of bow is also called a bulbous bow.

When a ship moves forward, there is frictional resistance caused by friction between the hull and the water, and wave-making resistance caused by the waves it creates. By selecting a bulb of appropriate size and shape, the waves created by the bulb and the waves created by the hull near the bow will interfere with each other, resulting in almost no waves. In addition to bow waves, ships create waves from the bow to the center where the hull suddenly widens, from the center to the stern where it suddenly narrows, and from the stern. By designing the bulbous bow and hull shape well, not only the bow waves but also the entire wave generated from the center of the hull forward can be made smaller, significantly reducing wave-making resistance. The effectiveness of this type of bow in reducing hull resistance has been experimentally known since around 1920 (Taisho 9), and it was also used in the Japanese battleships Yamato and Musashi. However, it was not until after World War II that this effect was theoretically studied and clarified. In Japan, Takao Inui (1920- ) of the University of Tokyo energetically pursued research, and in 1961 (Showa 36) conducted experiments with a bulbous bow on the passenger ship Kurenai Maru (2,928 gross tons) on the Beppu route, proving that the bow was as effective as the theory suggested. Since then, various types of bulbous bows have been researched and developed to reduce wave-making resistance, and this bow has been adopted for high-speed ships, where wave-making resistance accounts for a large proportion of the ship's total resistance. Subsequent research has shown that even for tankers and bulk carriers, where wave-making resistance accounts for a small proportion, a bulbous bow and an appropriately designed hull shape can be effective in reducing resistance, and in recent years bulbous bows have been widely adopted for various ship types.

[Morita Tomoharu]

[Reference] | Bow

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

船首部の水面下にこぶのような球状の膨らみをもたせ、これを少し前方へ突き出した船首。球状に膨らんだ部分をバルブbulbといい、この船首をバルバスバウbulbous bowともいう。

 船が進むときの水の抵抗には、船体と水との摩擦により生ずる摩擦抵抗と、波をつくることにより生ずる造波抵抗とがある。適当な大きさと形のバルブを選ぶと、バルブがつくる波と船首付近の船体がつくる波とが干渉して、その結果ほとんど波がたたないようにすることができる。船がつくる波は、船首波のほかに、船首から中央部にかけて船体が急に太くなる部分、中央部から船尾にかけて急にやせる部分、および船尾部分がつくる波がある。球状船首と船体形状をうまく設計すると、船首波のみならず、船体中央部から前方でおこる波全体が小さくなり造波抵抗をかなり少なくすることができる。この形の船首が船体の抵抗減少に効果があることは1920年(大正9)ごろから実験的に知られており、日本では戦艦大和(やまと)、武蔵(むさし)にも採用されていた。しかしこの作用が理論的に研究、解明されたのは第二次世界大戦後であり、日本では東京大学の乾崇夫(いぬいたかお)(1920― )が精力的に研究を進め、1961年(昭和36)、別府航路の客船くれない丸(2928総トン)に球状船首をつけて実験を行い、この船首が理論どおりに有効であることを実証した。以後、造波抵抗を減少させるための各種球状船首が研究、開発され、船の全抵抗のうち造波抵抗の占める割合が大きい高速船にこの船首が採用された。さらに、その後の研究により、造波抵抗の占める割合があまり大きくないタンカーやばら積貨物船にあっても、球状船首と船体形状を適切に設計すれば抵抗を減少させる効果があることがわかり、最近では球状船首が各種の船型に広く採用されるようになった。

[森田知治]

[参照項目] | 船首

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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