Anyang

A prefecture-level city in the northern tip of Henan Province, China. It governs four city districts and three counties, including Neihuang, and acts as the administrative agent for Linzhou City (as of 2016). Population 6.114 million (2014). In 1949, it was elevated to city status using the urban area of ​​Anyang County as its base. The Beijing-Guangzhou Line, Beijing-Guangzhou High-Speed ​​Railway, and Jin-Yulu Railway (Lvliang-Rizhao) pass through it, and it is also the starting point of the Anli Line that runs to Gangziyao (Ci County, Handan City). In 2016, construction began on a connecting railway linking the Jin-Yulu Railway and the Anli Line. As it produces coal and iron ore, it is home to the Anyang Steel Group's medium-sized steel complex, and is also well-developed in agricultural machinery, machine tools, electrical machinery, etc. It is also located in the main cotton growing area of ​​the Yellow River basin, and is a distribution center for cotton and wheat.

Xiaotun Village in the western suburbs is home to the ruins of the Yin capital, Yin Ruins (registered as a World Heritage site in 2006), and is famous for the large number of oracle bone inscriptions excavated there. Anyang County was established in the Qin Dynasty, and changed to Ye County during the Northern Zhou Dynasty, but became Anyang County again after the Sui Dynasty. During the Five Dynasties, the Zhangde Army was established, and during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Zhangde Prefecture was established, so the area was commonly known as Zhangde until the establishment of the People's Republic of China.

[Masakazu Komai, Editorial Department, December 12, 2017]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、河南(かなん)省北端にある地級市。4市轄区、内黄(ないこう)など3県を管轄し、林州(りんしゅう)市の管轄代行を行う（2016年時点）。人口611万4000（2014）。1949年、安陽県の市街部を母体に市に昇格した。京広線と京広高速鉄道、晋豫魯(しんよろ)鉄道（呂梁(りょりょう)―日照(にっしょう)）が通過し、崗子窰(こうしよう)（邯鄲(かんたん)市磁(じ)県）へ通じる安李(あんり)線の起点でもある。2016年には、晋豫魯鉄道と安李線とを結ぶ連絡鉄道の建設が始まった。石炭や鉄鉱石を産することから、安陽鋼鉄集団の中型鉄鋼コンビナートがあるほか、農業機械、工作機械、電機工業などが発達している。また、黄河(こうが)流域ワタ作区の主産地にあり、ワタや小麦の集散地である。

　西郊の小屯(しょうとん)村には殷(いん)の都の跡である殷墟(いんきょ)（2006年世界遺産の文化遺産に登録）があり、甲骨文が多数出土したことは有名である。秦(しん)代に安陽県が置かれ、北周の時代に鄴(ぎょう)県に変わったが、隋(ずい)代以降ふたたび安陽県となった。五代においては彰徳軍、明(みん)・清(しん)代には彰徳府が置かれたため、中華人民共和国成立前まで彰徳と俗称された。

［駒井正一・編集部　2017年12月12日］

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