Anatomy book - Kaitai Shinsho

Japanese: 解体新書 - かいたいしんしょ
Anatomy book - Kaitai Shinsho

A book on anatomy. Japan's first full-scale translation of Western medicine. It consists of four volumes of the main text and one separate volume with a preface and illustrations. It was published in 1774 (An'ei 3). Maeno Ryotaku and Sugita Genpaku were the central figures in this translation project, the first of its kind in Japan, and many others helped out, including Nakagawa Junan and Katsuragawa Hoshu. The hard work and effort that went into the project over a four-year period beginning in 1771 (Meiwa 8) is vividly and in detail described in Sugita Genpaku's memoirs, "The Beginnings of Dutch Studies."

The original text generally known as "Tabulae Anatomicae" is in fact the " Ontleedkundige Tafelen" (1741), a Dutch translation by Gerardus Dicten of Leiden of "Anatomy atlas " (Anatomy illustrations) written by Johann Adam Kulmus of Germany in 1722, and it was the second edition that was relied upon by Sugita Genpaku and others. This is a small book with a simple main text and somewhat detailed notes, and is a medical book for beginners with 27 illustrations. "Kaitai Shinsho" is written entirely in Chinese, and only the main text of the original text is translated, not the notes. The illustrations were drawn by Odano Naotake, and while the original was made of copperplate, this book is made of woodblocks. The number of illustrations is slightly greater than the original, but this is due to the use of quotations from other Western medical books. The booklet containing the illustrations also contains a preface by Yoshio Kogyu, a preface written by Sugita Genpaku, and a legend.

[Otori Ranzaburo]

"Reprint of the Japanese Classics of Science, Vol. 8" edited by Hirone Saegusa (1978, Asahi Shimbun)""Kaitai Shinsho (New Anatomy), translated by Shizu Sakai (1978, Kodansha)"

"Anatomy New Book"
Written by Krums, translated by Sugita Genpaku, Maeno Ryotaku, Nakagawa Junan, and Katsuragawa Hoshu, illustrated by Odano Naotake, published in 1774 (An'ei 3), held at the National Diet Library .

"Anatomy New Book"


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

解剖学書。日本最初の本格的な西洋医学の翻訳書。本文4冊、別に序文と図譜を掲げた1冊からなる。1774年(安永3)刊。日本で初めてのこの翻訳事業の中心になったのは前野良沢(りょうたく)と杉田玄白(げんぱく)で、中川淳庵(じゅんあん)・桂川甫周(かつらがわほしゅう)ら多くの人々が協力した。1771年(明和8)から4年間にわたる苦心・努力のさまは、杉田玄白の回想録『蘭学事始(らんがくことはじめ)』のなかに詳細かつ新鮮に記されている。

 一般に『ターヘル・アナトミア』とよばれている原書は、正しくは、ドイツのクルムスJohann Adam Kulmusが1722年に著した『解剖図譜』Anatomische Tabellenを、ライデンのディクテンGerardus Dictenがオランダ語訳した『Ontleedkundige Tafelen』(1741)で、杉田玄白らが依拠したのはその第2版であった。これは小型本で、その内容は簡単な本文とやや詳しい注記からなり、27枚の図譜を付した初学者向きの医書である。『解体新書』は全文漢文で記述され、原書の本文だけを訳出し、注記は訳していない。図譜は小田野直武(なおたけ)が描き、原書は銅版であるが、本書は木版である。付図の数は原書よりやや多くなっているが、それは他の西洋医学書からも引用したことによる。図譜を掲載する冊子には、ほかに吉雄耕牛(よしおこうぎゅう)の序文と杉田玄白の自序、および凡例が載っている。

[大鳥蘭三郎]

『三枝博音編『復刻 日本科学古典全書 第8巻』(1978・朝日新聞社)』『酒井シズ訳『解体新書』(1978・講談社)』

『解体新書』
クルムス著 杉田玄白・前野良沢・中川淳庵・桂川甫周訳 小田野直武画 1774年(安永3)刊国立国会図書館所蔵">

『解体新書』


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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