…In 1947, British scientists Rochester and Butler observed a V-shaped track in a Wilson cloud chamber in a magnetic field, and concluded that this was the decay of a neutral particle (Λ particle) into two charged particles. Later, the existence of such particles as the K meson and the sigma particle (Σ) was revealed, but it was not possible to explain why these particles were created in an extremely short time, yet once created, their average life span was much longer than expected. For this reason, these new particles were collectively called strange particles. In 1953, Kazuhiko Nishijima and M. Gell-Mann proposed the theory that elementary particles carry another quantum number in addition to isospin and baryon number, and that the sum of these numbers is preserved in strong and electromagnetic interactions. Gell-Mann called this new quantum number strangeness. … From [Elementary Particles] ...In 1955, E. Segre, O. Chamberlain and others discovered the antiproton, the antiparticle of the proton, in an experiment using an accelerator, and the following year, the antineutron, the antiparticle of the neutron, was discovered.We now know that baryons have antibaryons and leptons have antileptons. *Some of the terminology that refers to "strange particles" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…1947年イギリスのロチスターとバトラーは,磁場中のウィルソン霧箱中においてV字形の飛跡を観測,これは中性粒子(Λ粒子)が二つの荷電粒子に崩壊したものと結論された。その後このような粒子としてK中間子,シグマ粒子(Σ)などの存在が明らかとなったが,これらの粒子がきわめて短時間につくられるのに,いったんできてしまうと平均寿命は予期されるものより大幅に長いことの説明はできず,このため,これらの新粒子は奇妙な粒子strange particleと総称された。53年西島和彦およびM.ゲル・マンらは,素粒子はアイソスピンとバリオン数のほかにもう一つの量子数を帯びていて,その数の和が強い相互作用や電磁相互作用では保存するという理論を提唱,ゲル・マンはこの新しい量子数をストレンジネスと呼んだ。… 【素粒子】より…また,55年にはE.セグレ,O.チェンバレンらが,加速器を使った実験において陽子の反粒子である反陽子を発見,さらに翌年には中性子の反粒子である反中性子も発見され,現在では,バリオンには反バリオンが,またレプトンには反レプトンが存在することがわかっている。 ※「奇妙な粒子」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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