Region - Jikata

Japanese: 地方 - じかた

〘Noun〙① In the Muromachi period, this refers to the area inside and outside Kyoto where the shogunate was located. ② The government office of the Muromachi shogunate. It was mainly in charge of matters related to land control in Kyoto. ※Saito Chikamoto's Diary - February 9, 1467 (Bunsho 2) "The local government documents have been implemented, and the master craftsman _{_{has been thanked}} for his work." ③ An abbreviation of "jikata tounin (local headman)." ※Hanaei Sandaiki - August 25, 1379 (Kōryaku 1) "Local government. Nikaido Nakatsukasa Shoyu Nyūdō." ④ In the Edo period, this term referred to the countryside as opposed to townspeople. Farm villages as opposed to cities. By extension, it referred to the rice paddy system, land system, tax system, etc. in farm villages, and more broadly, it came to refer to agricultural policy in general. ※Chihou Hanreiroku (1794) 1 "All vegetables come from the soil, and are also products of the sea and rivers. They all belong to the local area, and there is not a single one that is not grown by farmers."⑤ The land. In particular, a word used to refer to land from the sea. Land. Shore. ※Yuuotori Ekotoba ( 1829 ) 1 "Ikitsuki Island is a long, narrow island. The southeastern sea belongs to the local area, and the waves are gentle, but"⑥ People who play the shamisen and sing in dance. Also refers to the Jiutaikata (choutai) in Noh. ※Okawabata (1911-12) <Oyamauchi Kaoru> 19 "Which one should choose, the top-class tachikata or local area?"⑦ An abbreviation of "jikatadori (jikatatori)." ※Mikawa Monogatari (around 1626) 1 "I gave you four kan of rice, but since you didn't act well today , I've given you five more kan, making it nine kan."

Chi-hou ‥Hau [region]

〘noun〙① A part of the world or a country. A certain region. Also, the land there. Sometimes it is added under the name of a region to mean the area in that direction. ※Honcho Monsui (around 1060) 12. Chitei-ki (Keisho Yasutane) "The local capital has over ten acres of land." ※Kan'ei-published Hon Mokyu-sho (around 1529) 3 "There are sixty ministers, sixty and thirty-six, making a total of 360 officials. That's how many officials there are in that region." ※Cairan Igen (1713) "In Africa, _{there are} still _two remaining territories." [Jinshu - Emperor Xiaomin's Chronicle] ② The land outside of large central cities such as capitals. Local. ※Revised and expanded Tetsugaku Jiyo (1884) "Local 地局所" ③ In the old military, this word meant "general society" outside the barracks. ※Gekiryu (1963) by Jun Takami, 1. “The military calls the other world the ‘region.’” [Essay] (1) From the Muromachi period to the Edo period, it was also read as “jikata,” and in the Edo period, it was used as a counter term to townspeople, meaning farming villages or the countryside, or to refer to the rice-growing system, land system, and civil administration in general. →jikata (region) ④.
(2) Since the Meiji period, local government has become an indispensable word under the administrative system modeled on European systems and the development of a centralized state, leading to the creation of many compound words such as "local administration," "local autonomy," "local tax," and others, which have rapidly spread into everyday language.

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘名〙① 室町時代、幕府の所在した京都内外をさしていう。② 室町幕府の政務機関。主に京都における土地支配に関する事柄をつかさどった。※斎藤親基日記‐文正二年（1467）二月九日「地方番文等施行、匠作御礼被_レ申_レ之」③ 「じかたとうにん（地方頭人）」の略。※花営三代記‐康暦元年（1379）八月二五日「地方。二階堂中務少輔入道」④ 江戸時代、町方に対して田舎をいう語。都市に対しての農村。転じて、農村における田制、土地制度、租税制度などをさし、さらに広く、農政一般をさすようになった。※地方凡例録（1794）一「菜類総て土より生ずる物、亦は海川の産物、みな地方に属し、一として農人の手に出ざるはなし」⑤ 陸地の方。特に、海上から陸地をさしていう語。陸地。岸辺。※勇魚取絵詞（1829）上「生月島は〈略〉その形狭く長き島なり。東南の海は地方(ヂカタ)に属(つき)て浪もおだやかなれど」⑥ 舞踊で、三味線や唄を受け持つ人たち。また、能楽の地謡方(じうたいかた)をいう。※大川端（1911‐12）〈小山内薫〉一九「立方にも地方(ヂカタ)にも一流どこを選んで」⑦ 「じかたどり（地方取）」の略。※三河物語（1626頃）一「汝には、地かた四貫出しつるが、今日能(よく)立た去(ざる)はうびに、五貫かさねて、九貫にしてとらするぞとて被下けり」

ち‐ほう ‥ハウ【地方】

〘名〙① 世界や国内の一部分。ある一定の地域。また、そこの土地。ある地域の名の下に添えて、その方面の地域の意を表わす場合もある。※本朝文粋（1060頃）一二・池亭記〈慶滋保胤〉「地方都盧十有余畝」※寛永刊本蒙求抄（1529頃）三「司空は六十づつで六々三十六で三百六十の官がある。その地方の官ぢゃほどに云たぞ」※采覧異言（1713）「アフリカ地方、猶有_二遺壌_一存」〔晉書‐孝愍帝紀〕② 首都など中心となる大きな都市以外の土地。じかた。※改訂増補哲学字彙（1884）「Local 地方局処」③ 旧軍隊で、兵営外の「一般社会」をいうことば。※激流（1963）〈高見順〉一「別世界を軍隊は『地方』と名づけている」[語誌](1)室町時代から江戸時代にかけては「ぢ（じ）かた」とも読まれ、江戸時代には町方に対することばとして農村や田舎を意味したり、田制や土地制度や民政一般をさしたりした。→じかた（地方）④。
(2)明治以降、ヨーロッパの制度を模倣した行政制度や中央集権的国家整備の下で必須のことばとなって「地方行政」「地方自治」「地方税」その他多くの複合語も生まれ、日常語としても急速に普及した。

出典　精選版日本国語大辞典精選版日本国語大辞典について　情報

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