An alloy mainly composed of iron and nickel (about 36%). It is also called Invar or Invar. Its thermal expansion at room temperature is extremely small, its linear thermal expansion coefficient is about one tenth that of iron, and even if the temperature changes by 1 degree Celsius, a one meter long piece of Invar will only change by one micrometer. The linear thermal expansion coefficient of super Invar, which contains small amounts of cobalt, is even ten times smaller. It was discovered in 1897 by the French physicist Guillaume, and this discovery and its application earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1920. It was named after him. The magnetic properties of these alloys show various unique phenomena. These alloys are used in precision rulers, pendulums of mechanical clocks, and the low expansion side of bimetals. The former International Prototype of the Meter was made of this alloy. [Hiroshi Oikawa] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
鉄とニッケル(約36%)が主体の合金。インバールまたはインバーともいう。室温付近での熱膨張がきわめて少なく、その線熱膨張係数は鉄の約10分の1であり、1℃の温度変化があっても、長さ1メートルのアンバーは1マイクロメートルしか変化しない。少量のコバルトなどを含む超アンバーでは、線熱膨張係数はさらにこの10分の1程度である。1897年フランスの物理学者ギヨームによって発見され、この発見と応用により彼は1920年ノーベル物理学賞を受けた。「アンバー」は彼の命名による。これらの合金の磁気的性質には種々特異な現象がみられる。これらの合金は、精密な物差し、機械時計の振り子、バイメタルの低膨張側などに用いられている。かつての国際メートル原器はこの合金でつくられていた。 [及川 洪] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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