Seasonal employment

Japanese: 季節雇 - きせつやとい
Seasonal employment

...Holidays are essential for regulating workers' work rhythms and energizing the reproduction of the labor force.
[Holidays before the Industrial Revolution]
Long before the Factory Act was enacted, workers had holidays appropriate to their own lifestyles between hard work. In the olden days, holidays generally accompanied festivals. A particularly important holiday in pagan Europe was May Day. May Day was a festival that announced the arrival of summer and prayed for a good harvest. In contrast, Hallowmas on November 1st was a festival that ushered in the long, harsh winter and welcomed the spirits of ancestors who had wandered the mountains and fields to the warmth of their home's hearth.

From 【Servant】

… [Kitahara Akio]
[Rural Servant]
Servants in early modern rural areas were generally called fudai, genin, geno, genjo, etc. The content of their employment relationships varied widely depending on the time period and region, but they were classified into various types, such as fudai genin, pawned servants, igeshi servants (oshikiri servants, igusare servants), indentured servants (nenkiri servants), replacement servants (ichiki servants), daily rate servants, seasonal employees, and day laborers, based on status, contract type, payment method for labor, and employment period. These types are considered important as they show the development process of employment relationships before the emergence of modern wage labor relations.

*Some explanations of terms that refer to "seasonal employment" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…休日は働く者の労働のリズムを整え,労働力の再生産に活力を与えるために欠くことのできないものである。
【産業革命以前の休日】
 工場法が施行されるずっと以前から,働く人びとは厳しい労働のあいまに,それぞれの生活に即した休日をもった。古い時代,休日はおおむね祭礼を伴った。異教時代のヨーロッパの休日としてとくに重要なのは五月祭のそれであった。五月祭は夏の到来を告知する祭りであり,五穀豊穣を祈る祭りであった。これに対して,11月1日のハローマスHallowmasは長い厳しい冬を先導する祭りであり,山野を彷徨する先祖の霊を暖かいわが家の炉辺に迎える祭りであった。…

【奉公人】より

…【北原 章男】
【農村奉公人】
 近世農村の奉公人は一般に譜代,下人,下男,下女などと呼ばれていた。その雇用関係の内容は時期により,また地方により多種多様であるが,身分関係,契約形式,労働対価支払方式,雇用期間などをメルクマールにして譜代下人,質券奉公人,居消(いげし)奉公人(押切奉公人,居腐(いぐされ)奉公人),年季奉公人(年切奉公人),出替奉公人(一季奉公人),日割(ひわり)奉公人,季節雇,日雇などの諸類型に区分される。これらの諸類型は,近代的な賃労働関係の発生する以前の,雇用関係の発展過程を示すものとして重視される。…

※「季節雇」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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