Campanella, Tommaso

Japanese: カンパネラ（英語表記）Campanella， Tommaso

Born: September 5, 1568, Stilo, Calabria
Died May 21, 1639. Italian philosopher from Paris. Dominican friar. Real name Giovan Domenico Campanella. In 1591, under the influence of B. Teresio's naturalism, he published Philosophia sensibus demonstrata (Philosophia Proven by the Senses), and was arrested for heresy. He was pardoned and went to Padua to meet Galileo, but was arrested again in 1592 and 1596. In 1597, he returned to his hometown and saw the plight of the people living in the Kingdom of Naples under Spanish rule. He thought of realizing his ideal of a theocratic utopia, and started a rebellion, but was discovered. He was arrested in 1599 and imprisoned for 27 years on the double charges of political crime and heresy. During his imprisonment, he wrote La città del sole (1602) and Metafisica (1638), among others. After his release in 1626, he served the papacy, but in 1634 he escaped the hands of the King of Spain and went to France, where he gained the favor of scholars and the government, and his complete works were published. He started from Teresio's theory of sensation, but he argued that cognition is the cognition of oneself that resembles an object through sensory passivity. The three basic qualities that make up the self, ability, knowledge, and love, are metaphysical principles that apply to all existence, and the three realms of God, spirit, and matter are distinguished according to the degree of perfection, but religion is the power that unifies them toward God. His City of the Sun is an ideal state of equality and communism, ruled by metaphysicians as priests and the three officials of ability, knowledge, and love. Campanella was a prophetic philosopher as well as a poet of madrigals and sonnets.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1568.9.5. カラブリア，スティロ
[没]1639.5.21. パリ
イタリアの哲学者。ドミニコ会士。本名 Giovan Domenico Campanella。 1591年 B.テレジオの自然主義の影響下に『感覚によって証明される哲学』 Philosophia sensibus demonstrataを出版，異端のかどで捕えられた。許されてパドバに行きガリレイに会うが，1592，1596年に再三捕えられる。 1597年故郷に帰りスペイン支配下のナポリ王国に暮らす人々の窮状を見て，彼の理想とする神政によるユートピアの実現を考え，反乱を起こすが発覚，1599年捕えられ政治犯と異端という二重の罪状で 27年間獄につながれた。獄中で彼は『太陽の都』 La città del sole (1602) ，『形而上学』 Metafisica (1638) などを著わした。 1626年釈放とともに教皇庁に仕えたが，1634年スペイン王の手を逃れてフランスに行き学者や政府の好意を得，全集が刊行された。彼はテレジオの感覚論から出発するが，認識は感覚的受動によって対象に似たものとなった自己の認識であるとする。自己を形成する，能，知，愛の3基本性質は全存在に妥当する形而上学的原理であり，その完全性の度合いによって，神，精神，物質の3界が区別されるが，それを神に向けて統一する力が宗教である。彼の『太陽の都』は，形而上学者を祭司とし，能，知，愛の3役人によって統べられる平等，共産の理想国である。カンパネラは預言者的哲学者であると同時に，マドリガルやソネットの詩人でもあった。

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