university

Japanese: university
university

...They were doctors with doctoral degrees, and it was around this time that universities were established in Italy, France, and other parts of Europe. The word university is called "university" in English, and its origin is universitas (meaning "unified thing"). Around the 11th and 12th centuries, associations modeled on guilds were formed by teachers or students, or both, and an organization was born that autonomously certified teaching qualifications. This was the origin of the university.

From 【University】

… [Masao Tera]
[Origin and history of the university]
The origin of universities is in medieval Europe, where they originated from a kind of guild of teachers and students. Modern words such as "university" and "master" were originally simply guild terms meaning "group" or "master." During the intellectual upsurge of the 12th century, also known as the "12th Century Renaissance," many teachers and students gathered in cities, established private schools, and conducted educational activities. Gradually, they formed guilds modeled after the trade associations of ordinary craftsmen, and while they struggled to establish their own privileges against external religious and secular powers, they came to establish common curricula internally and grant academic degrees to those who completed the required courses.

*Some explanations of terms that mention "university" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…彼らは,学位をもつ医師たちで,このころから,イタリア,フランスをはじめ,ヨーロッパの各地に大学が設立された。大学のことを英語ではユニバーシティuniversityというが,その語源はウニウェルシタスuniversitas(〈統一したもの〉の意)で,11~12世紀ころから,教師あるいは学生,さらにはその両者によって,ギルドにならった結社がつくられ,自律的に,教える資格を認定する組織が生まれた。それが大学の起源である。…

【大学】より

…【寺 昌男】
【大学の起源と歴史】
 大学の起源は中世のヨーロッパにあり,教師・学生の一種のギルドに発している。〈大学〉をさすuniversity,〈教師〉をさすmasterなどの現代語は,本来は単に〈団体〉〈親方〉というギルドの用語であった。〈12世紀ルネサンス〉とも呼ばれる12世紀の知的高揚のもとで,都市には多くの教師・学生が集まり,私塾をおこして教育活動を行っていたが,彼らはしだいに,一般の手工業者の同職組合にならってギルドを形成し,聖俗の外部権力に対して自己の特権を確立するよう闘争しつつ,内部では,共通のカリキュラムを定め所定の修了者には学位を認可するようになった。…

※「university」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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