Compounds of nickel and oxygen. The following are known, but the only one with a clear composition and structure is nickel(II) oxide. (1) Nickel(II) oxide (nickel monoxide) It occurs naturally as bunsenite. It is obtained as a heat-stable green powder by thermal decomposition of nickel(II) hydroxide, carbonate, oxalate, etc. It is antiferromagnetic at room temperature and has a magnetic moment close to 1.3 BM. It is insoluble in water, but dissolves in acid and ammonia water. It is used as a coloring material for glass and ceramics, and as a catalyst for hydrogenation. (2) Nickel(III) oxide, chemical formula Ni2O3 (di-nickel trioxide) , is obtained by heating nickel(II) nitrate to 300°C in air, but contains traces of water. It is a gray-black powder and is used in alkaline storage batteries. (3) Nickel(IV) oxide NiO 2 (nickel dioxide, nickel peroxide) Nickel(II) oxide with oxygen adsorbed is said to be formed. It is obtained by oxidizing nickel hydroxide with hypochlorite in an alkaline solution. Greenish-gray powder, used as an oxidizing agent. [Torii Yasuo] [Supplementary Material] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ニッケルと酸素の化合物。次のようなものが知られているが、組成・構造の明確なのは酸化ニッケル(Ⅱ)だけである。 (1)酸化ニッケル(Ⅱ)(一酸化ニッケル) 天然にはブンゼナイトとして産出する。ニッケル(Ⅱ)の水酸化物、炭酸塩、シュウ酸塩などを熱分解すると、熱に安定な緑色粉末として得られる。室温で反強磁性を示し、1.3BMに近い磁気モーメントをもつ。水に不溶であるが、酸やアンモニア水に溶ける。ガラス、陶磁器の着色材料、水素添加用触媒などに使用される。 (2)酸化ニッケル(Ⅲ) 化学式Ni2O3(三酸化二ニッケル)硝酸ニッケル(Ⅱ)を空気中で300℃に熱すると得られるが、微量の水を含んでいる。灰黒色粉末、アルカリ蓄電池に使われる。 (3)酸化ニッケル(Ⅳ) NiO2(二酸化ニッケル、過酸化ニッケル) 酸化ニッケル(Ⅱ)に酸素が吸着したものといわれる。水酸化ニッケルをアルカリ性溶液中で次亜塩素酸塩などで酸化すると得られる。緑灰色粉末、酸化剤として使用される。 [鳥居泰男] [補完資料] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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