Business Reorganization Order

Japanese: 企業整備令 - きぎょうせいびれい

…
[Economy and national living conditions]
The wartime controlled economy, which was in full swing after the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War, had been developed with the National Mobilization Law (promulgated on April 1, 1938) as a lever, but the start of the Pacific War further strengthened control over the economy and people's lives (controlled economy). First, based on the Important Industrial Organizations Order (promulgated on August 30, 1941), control associations were established in 22 important core industrial sectors by August 1942 (Showa 17), with business leaders appointed as chairmen, and the Business Reorganization Order (promulgated on May 13, 1942) promoted the reorganization and consolidation of small and medium-sized enterprises and the conversion of them into subcontractors, completing a fascist wartime state monopoly capitalist system. Furthermore, the contradiction between parasitic landlordism and monopoly capitalism over increasing food production also came to the surface.

From [Conscription]

With the start of the Pacific War, the conscription system was fully implemented as a "secret weapon" for mobilizing the labor force, and most of the targets were workers from peacetime industries and small and medium-sized businesses that had switched or gone out of business. In particular, the 1942 Business Reorganization Order forced many small and medium-sized businesses to be consolidated and closed down because they could not convert to military industries, and a group of workers who switched or went out of business and needed to be conscripted emerged. The expansion of the conscription system reached its peak with the third revision of the National Occupational Ability Declaration Order and the National Conscription Order in 1943, which made it possible for the state to conscript skilled and technical personnel of any type of occupation to be employed at designated workplaces (new conscription) and to conscript employees of specific companies and businesses together with their employers (current conscription).

From [Controlled Economy]

...On the other hand, the consolidation and reorganization of non-military enterprises was forced through in the name of corporate reorganization. The December 1941 Corporate Licensing Order implemented a full business permit system, and the May 1942 Corporate Reorganization Order promoted corporate reorganization with legal force. In addition, production materials and daily necessities were placed under strict control, and the controlled economy permeated every aspect of people's lives, but it could no longer be effectively implemented, and Japan was soon defeated in the war.

*Some of the terminology used in reference to the "Enterprise Reorganization Order" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

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［経済と国民生活の状況］
　日中戦争勃発後に本格化した戦時統制経済は，国家総動員法(1938年4月1日公布)を“てこ”として発展していたが，太平洋戦争開戦を契機に経済と国民生活に対する統制が一段と強化された(統制経済)。まず重要産業団体令(1941年8月30日公布)に基づき，1942年(昭和17)8月までに22の重要基幹産業部門に統制会が設立され，会長には財界人が就任し，企業整備令(1942年5月13日公布)により中小企業の整理統合と下請企業化が推し進められ，ここにファシズム型戦時国家独占資本主義体制が完成した。さらに食糧増産をめぐって寄生地主制と独占資本主義との矛盾も表面化した。…

【徴用】より

…　太平洋戦争開始とともに徴用制は労働力動員の〈伝家の宝刀〉として全面的に発動され，その対象の多くは平和産業，中小商工業者の転･廃業労働力であった。とくに1942年の企業整備令で，多くの中小企業は軍需産業への転換が不可能だとして強引な統廃合の対象となり，徴用すべき転･廃業労働者群が出現した。徴用制の拡張は43年の国民職業能力申告令と国民徴用令の第3次改正で頂点に達し，国家が必要と認める場合には，いかなる職種の技能，技術者でも指定の職場に徴用でき(新規徴用)，また特定企業･業務の従業者を事業主もろとも徴用(現員徴用)することが可能となった。…

【統制経済】より

…一方，非軍需的企業については，その整理統合が企業整備の名のもとに強行された。1941年12月の企業許可令によって事業の全面的許可制が実施され，ついで42年5月の企業整備令によって企業の整理は法的強制力をもって促進された。このほか生産物資も生活必需物資も極度の統制下におかれるなど，統制経済は国民生活のすみずみにまで浸透したが，もはやすべてが有効に作用しえず，やがて敗戦を迎えた。…

※「企業整備令」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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