Organology

...This theory was very popular in Europe and the US in the first half of the 19th century, and it was founded by FJ Gall, a doctor born in Germany and practicing in Vienna. Under the influence of the Italian anatomist Morgagni, he conducted comparative studies of normal brains of infants and adults, brains of people with various diseases, brains of geniuses, and animal brains, and discovered various "organs" in the brain. Based on this, he established a unique "organologie". The outline of this theory is as follows: (1) the brain is an organ of the mind, (2) the mind is divided into independent functions, (3) these functions are located in the cortex of the brain, (4) there is a very high correlation between the shape of the skull and the shape of the brain cortex, and (5) therefore, there is a close correspondence between the outline of the skull and the characteristics of mental functions. ...

*Some of the terminology that refers to "organology" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…頭蓋の外形をみればその人の性格や精神的特性がわかるという学説で，19世紀前半の欧米で大いに流行した。創始者はドイツで生まれウィーンで開業していた医師F.J.ガルで，彼はイタリアの解剖学者モルガーニの影響下に，幼児や成人の正常脳，各種の病気の人の脳，天才人の脳，動物の脳などを比較研究し，脳内にさまざまな〈器官〉を発見し，これにもとづいて独特の〈器官学Organologie〉を打ち立てた。この理論の概略は，(1)脳は精神の器官であり，(2)精神はそれぞれ独立した機能に分かれ，(3)これらの機能は脳の皮質に座をもち，(4)頭蓋骨の形と脳皮質の形との相関はきわめて高く，(5)したがって，頭蓋骨の輪郭と精神機能の特性との間には密接な対応がある，の5項目に尽くされる。…

※「器官学」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報