Jiandao - Kanto

A region in the eastern part of Jilin Province, China. It roughly corresponds to the current Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture. It is close to the birthplace of the Qing dynasty, which prohibited anyone other than the Manchus from settling there as a "sealed off" area. However, reclamation of the area was promoted by Koreans who migrated across the border, and by the time the Qing dynasty officially authorized reclamation by the Han people in 1882, much of the land had already been reclaimed. Later, a border dispute arose between the Qing and Korea, and Russia and Japan also intervened. In 1909, Japan recognized Jiandao as Qing territory, and forced Korea to recognize the border line claimed by the Qing in order to resolve other vested interests in Manchuria (the Jiandao issue). After that, many people who resisted Japanese rule over Korea fled to Jiandao, and it became a base for the Korean national independence movement, and even after the establishment of the Japanese puppet government "Manchukuo," the armed resistance to Japan continued under the leadership of Kim Il-sung and others. After liberation in 1949, it became the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Region in 1952 and the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in 1955, and ethnic autonomy was recognized.

[Kono Michihiro]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、吉林(きつりん／チーリン)省東部の地域。現在の延辺(えんぺん／イエンピエン)朝鮮族自治州がほぼこれにあたる。清(しん)朝発祥の地に近く、清朝は「封禁」の地として満洲族以外の入植を禁じた。しかし、国境を越えて移住した朝鮮民族によって開墾が進み、1882年清朝が漢民族に開墾を公認したときには、すでに多くの土地が開墾済みとなっていた。その後、清と朝鮮両国間で国境紛争を生じ、ロシア、日本もこれに介入、1909年日本は間島を清国領と認めることにより、他の満州での利権問題を解決するため、朝鮮に清の主張する国境線を認めさせた（間島問題）。その後、日本の朝鮮支配に抵抗する人々が多く間島に逃れ、朝鮮民族独立運動の拠点となり、日本の傀儡(かいらい)政権「満州国」成立後も、金日成(きんにっせい／キムイルソン)らの指導下で武装抗日の戦いが続いた。1949年の解放後、52年延辺朝鮮族自治区、55年同自治州となり、民族自治が認められた。

［河野通博］

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