Official position - Kanshoku

In the civil service system before World War II, there was a distinction between officials and positions, with the duties that an official should perform being called an official position, the giving of official status being called appointment, and the specification of specific duties to be performed being called appointment. After World War II, the distinction between officials and positions disappeared under the National Public Service Act, and official positions became positions belonging to general-grade civil servants, with their content being the duties and responsibilities assigned to an individual civil servant. They are classified according to the type of work, the complexity of the work, and the degree of responsibility. This concept of official positions can be said to be a fundamental concept in personnel management, including appointments and salaries.

[Kazuichi Hirata]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

第二次世界大戦前の官吏制度においては、官と職を区別し、官吏の担任すべき職務を官職といい、官吏の身分を与えることを任官、具体的に担任すべき職務を指定することを補職と称した。第二次世界大戦後、国家公務員法によりこの官と職の区別が消滅し、官職とは一般職公務員に属する職であり、その内容は1人の公務員に割り当てられる職務と責任となった。職務の種類、職務の複雑さと責任の度合いに応じて分類される。こうした官職の概念は、任用、給与など、人事管理を行ううえでの基礎的概念といえる。

［平田和一］

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