Free trade area

Japanese: 自由貿易地域 - じゆうぼうえきちいき(英語表記)free trade area
Free trade area

A regional alliance is a group of two or more countries that are politically or economically close, and aims to abolish tariffs and other trade restrictions and promote the free flow of goods within the region. It is abbreviated as FTA. A similar entity is a customs union, but both of them have in common the abolition of tariffs and trade restrictions between countries within the region. However, while a customs union applies the same tariff and trade policies to countries outside the region, a free trade area allows each member country to apply its own tariffs and other trade regulations with autonomy. A free trade area is a form of economic integration that is looser than a customs union. The main ones are NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement), AFTA (ASEAN Free Trade Area), and EFTA (European Free Trade Association). NAFTA is a free trade area formed by the United States, Canada, and Mexico, and was established in 1994, with the gradual abolition of tariffs within the region. NAFTA expired in 2020 when the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) came into effect. AFTA was established in 1993 to expand and promote economic cooperation within the ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations). It established the Common Effective Preferential Tariff (CEPT) system, lowered tariffs, and was succeeded by the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) which was established in 2015. EFTA was formed in 1960 to counter the then European Economic Community (EEC), and was formed by seven countries: the UK, Austria, Denmark, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, and Switzerland. After that, many countries withdrew to join the EC (European Community, now the EU), and as of 2021, it consists of four countries: Norway, Switzerland, Iceland, and Liechtenstein. Together with the EU, it aims to achieve free trade throughout Western Europe.

[Kenji Akiyama]

[References] | ASEAN Economic Community | AFTA | Economic Integration | NAFTA | USMCA | European Free Trade Association

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

政治的あるいは経済的に緊密な関係にある2か国以上の国が集まって、相互に関税その他の貿易取引制限を撤廃し、地域内の自由な商品流通を目ざす地域連合をいう。略称FTA。これと類似したものに関税同盟があるが、両者とも域内国間の関税・貿易制限の廃止では共通しているが、関税同盟が域外国に対して同一の関税・通商政策を適用するのに対し、自由貿易地域は、加盟国がそれぞれ自主性をもち独自の関税その他の通商規制を適用できる。自由貿易地域は関税同盟よりも緩やかな経済統合の一形態といえる。おもなものにNAFTA(ナフタ、北米自由貿易協定)、AFTA(アフタ、ASEAN自由貿易地域)、EFTA(エフタ、ヨーロッパ自由貿易連合)がある。NAFTAはアメリカ、カナダ、メキシコ3国で結ばれた自由貿易地域で、1994年に発足し、域内の関税の段階的撤廃が行われた。2020年に米国・メキシコ・カナダ協定(USMCA)が発効したため、NAFTAは失効した。AFTAはASEAN(アセアン、東南アジア諸国連合)域内の経済協力を拡大、推進するために1993年に発足した。CEPT(共通有効特恵関税)制度を設け、関税引き下げを行うなどし、2015年発足のASEAN経済共同体(AEC)に引き継がれた。EFTAは当時のヨーロッパ経済共同体(EEC)に対抗するため1960年に結成されたもので、イギリス、オーストリア、デンマーク、ノルウェー、ポルトガル、スウェーデン、スイスの7か国で結成された。その後EC(ヨーロッパ共同体、現EU)加盟のため脱退が相つぎ、2021年現在、ノルウェー、スイス、アイスランド、リヒテンシュタインの4か国からなる。EUとともに西ヨーロッパ全体での自由貿易の実現を目標としている。

[秋山憲治]

[参照項目] | ASEAN経済共同体 | AFTA | 経済統合 | NAFTA | USMCA | ヨーロッパ自由貿易連合

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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