Lie detector - lie detector

Japanese: 噓発見器 - うそはっけんき
Lie detector - lie detector

...a device that measures and simultaneously records physiological changes such as blood pressure, pulse, respiration, and galvanic skin response that accompany mental agitation. It is used as a tool for psychological forensics in criminal investigations, based on the assumption that there is a difference between the physiological changes that occur when a person lies and when they answer truthfully, and that this difference can be read by the examiner to determine the truth of a statement, and is sometimes called a "lie detector."
[The legal perspective of polygraphs]
Polygraph testing methods include a comprehensive assessment, that is, a control test conducted to determine the truth of statements regarding the entire crime, and a stress peak test conducted to determine the truth of statements that deny knowledge of specific facts related to the suspected crime.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "lie detectors" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…精神的動揺に伴う血圧,脈拍,呼吸,皮膚電気反応などの生理的変化を測定して同時に記録する器械。質問に対し,うそを答えたときの生理的変化と真実を答えたときのそれとに差異があり,それを検査者が読み取ることにより供述の真偽を判定できるという仮定のもとに,犯罪捜査において心理鑑識の道具として用いられており,〈うそ発見器〉と呼ばれることもある。
[法律からみたポリグラフ]
 ポリグラフ検査の方法には,総合的判定,すなわち犯行全体に関する供述の真偽を判定する目的で行う対照質問法と,被疑事件に関する具体的諸事実の認識を否定する供述の真偽を判定する目的で行う緊張最高点質問法とがある。…

※「噓発見器」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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