Official name: Republic of Côte d'Ivoire. Area: 328,030 km2 . Population: 21,504,000 (2011 estimate). The capital is Yamoussoukro. A country in the western part of the African continent. It borders Guinea and Liberia to the west, Mali and Burkina Faso to the north, Ghana to the east, and the Gulf of Guinea to the south. Most of the country is a plateau with an average elevation of about 300m, and the southern part is a hot and humid tropical rainforest. The average annual temperature is 25-28℃. The annual precipitation is 1270mm. Lagoons have developed on the eastern coast. The northward it becomes drier, and the central and northern parts become savannas. The Portuguese arrived in the late 15th century, and since then, ivory and slaves were traded by Europeans, but at the end of the 17th century, France advanced. In the 19th century, they fought against the British troops coming from the British Gold Coast (now Ghana) and promoted colonization. After 1842, France expanded its control, and in 1893 it became a single French colony, and in 1904 it became part of French West Africa. In 1947, the northern part was separated and incorporated into the colony of Upper Volta. In 1958 it became an autonomous state within the French Community, and in 1960 it gained independence. In 1983 it was decided to move the capital from Abidjan to Yamoussoukro, but the move has not been completed. In 1990 it introduced a multi-party system. Agriculture and forestry are the main industries, and in addition to self-sufficiency crops, plantations are also carried out for export, such as coffee, cocoa, bananas, pineapples, cola nuts, and rubber, and timber exports are also increasing. Diamonds are famous as a mineral resource, but gold and iron ore are also being developed. Industries include food processing, cotton spinning, lumber, fertilizer, and automobile assembly. The population is diverse, but the main tribes are the Agni, Baoulé, and Ashanti in the east, the Senufo and Klango in the north, the Malinke and Mande in the northwest, and the Kru-speaking tribes in the west. About 60% of the population practice traditional tribe-specific religions, while the rest practice Islam and Christianity. The official language is French, but tribe-specific languages such as Dioula are also widely spoken. The country's name means "Ivory Coast" and comes from the fact that it once produced a large amount of ivory. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
正式名称 コートジボアール共和国 République de Côte d'Ivoire。 面積 32万803km2。 人口 2150万4000(2011推計)。 首都 ヤムスクロ。 アフリカ大陸西部の国。西はギニア,リベリア,北はマリ,ブルキナファソ,東はガーナと国境を接し,南はギニア湾にのぞむ。国土の大部分は平均標高 300m程度の台地で,南部は高温多湿の熱帯雨林地帯。年平均気温 25~28℃。年降水量 1270mm。東部海岸には潟湖が発達。北へいくにつれ乾燥し中部から北部はサバナとなる。 15世紀後半ポルトガル人が到来,以後ヨーロッパ人により象牙,奴隷の貿易が行なわれていたが,17世紀末にフランスが進出。 19世紀にはイギリス領ゴールドコースト (現ガーナ) から来るイギリス軍と戦い植民地化を推進,1842年以後フランスが支配権を拡大し,1893年単一のフランス植民地,1904年フランス領西アフリカの一部となった。 1947年北部が分離されオートボルタ植民地に編入。 1958年フランス共同体内の自治国となり,1960年独立。 1983年首都をアビジャンからヤムスクロに移転することを決定したが,完全に移転し終わってはいない。 1990年複数政党制を導入。農業と林業を主とし,自給作物のほか輸出用のコーヒー,カカオ,バナナ,パイナップル,コーラナッツ,ゴムなどのプランテーション農業が行なわれ,木材の輸出も増大。鉱物資源はダイヤモンドが有名だが金,鉄鉱石も開発されている。工業は食品加工,綿紡績,製材,肥料,自動車組立てなど。住民は多様だが,おもなものは東部のアグニ族,バウレ族,アシャンティ族,北部のセヌフォ族,クランゴ族,北西部のマリンケ族,マンデ族,西部のクル語系諸族など。約 60%が部族固有の伝統宗教,ほかはイスラム教とキリスト教。公用語はフランス語であるが,ディウラ語など部族固有の言語も広く用いられる。国名は「象牙海岸」の意で,かつて象牙を多産したことに由来。 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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