Customary possession

…Although it varies by country and by era, the English tenure in chief (or tenure in capite) is the former, and the main ones are military tenures such as knight service and socage tenures. In the latter case, that is, land ownership by peasants, there is also socage tenure or freehold, but the basic form is the villain tenure or customary tenure of unfree peasants. Serf tenure is when serfs hold land on the condition that they perform corvée to the lord, and customary tenure is when land is held based on the customs of the manor, and the holder is obligated to pay a produce rent or a fee rent. …

*Some explanations of terms that refer to "customary possession" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…国により，また時代により異なるが，イギリスの〈直封土地保有tenure in chief(あるいはtenure in capite)〉は前者にあたり〈騎士保有knight service〉等の〈軍役保有military tenure〉や〈鋤保有socage tenure〉がその主要なものである。後者すなわち農民の土地保有の場合にも，鋤保有ないし〈自由保有freehold〉(フリーホールダー)があるが，基本的形態は不自由農の〈農奴保有villain tenure〉や〈慣習保有customary tenure〉である。農奴保有というのは，農奴が領主に対する賦役を条件に土地を保有するものであり，慣習保有とは荘園の慣習にもとづく土地保有で，保有者は〈生産物地代〉ないし〈代金納地代〉支払の義務を負う。…

※「慣習保有」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報