Arthroscopy is performed using an endoscope for joints to directly view the inside of a joint. Under anesthesia, a thin tube (light source and telescope) is inserted through a small incision, and observations are made with saline filling the joint cavity. It is often used for knee joints, and color photographs can be taken, and tissue can also be removed. It shows the condition of the villi, blood vessels, and cartilage within the joint, and can confirm the presence, location, and extent of intra-articular damage, and is also an effective examination method for diagnosing joint inflammation. Japan was the first country in the world to develop arthroscopes. In 1918 (Taisho 7), Takagi Kenji (1888-1963) came up with the idea to create the first prototype arthroscope, which was an improved version of a cystoscope, and in 1959 (Showa 34), Watanabe Masaki and others developed the No. 21 arthroscope. In 1970, the No. 24 arthroscope was developed, which made it possible to observe almost all joints in addition to the knee joint. [Takashi Nagai] In recent years, arthroscopes incorporating a small image sensor (CCD) have also been used. They are used not only for simple surgeries such as partial meniscus resections, but also for surgeries such as cruciate ligament reconstruction, shoulder dislocations, and labral tears. [Editorial Department] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
関節用の内視鏡で、関節内部を直視する方法として関節鏡検査が行われる。麻酔下に小切開部から細い筒(光源と鏡筒)を挿入し、生理食塩水を関節腔(くう)内に満たした状態で観察する。膝(しつ)関節に多用され、カラー写真の撮影も可能で、組織を切除することもできる。関節内の絨毛(じゅうもう)、血管、軟骨の状態がわかり、関節内損傷の有無、部位、程度などを確認できるし、関節炎症の鑑別などにも有力な検査方法である。 なお、関節鏡の研究は世界に先駆けて日本で開発された。1918年(大正7)高木憲次(けんじ)(1888―1963)の創意により、膀胱(ぼうこう)鏡を改良した関節鏡の試作第1号がつくられ、1959年(昭和34)には渡辺正毅(まさき)らによって21号関節鏡が開発された。また、1970年に24号関節鏡が開発されて、膝関節のほか、ほとんどすべての関節が観察できるようになった。 [永井 隆] 近年では小型撮像素子(CCD)を組み込んだ関節鏡も使われている。半月板の部分切除などの簡単な手術だけでなく、十字靱帯(じんたい)の再建、肩関節の脱臼(だっきゅう)、関節唇損傷などの手術にも利用されている。 [編集部] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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