In the spring of 329 BC, Alexander crossed the Hindu Kush from south to north and invaded Bactria and Sogdiana. He faced fierce resistance from the oasis dwellers and nomads led by the local nobleman Spitamenēs, and suffered a hard-fought battle that lasted two years. In the autumn of 327 BC, Alexander advanced into northwestern India, aiming to reach the eastern coast of the Pacific Ocean, and defeated the elephant-equipped army of King Poros at the Battle of the Hydaspes (Jhelum) River (326 BC). However, his soldiers, tired from the long campaign, refused to advance, and he gave up his advance eastward at the Hyphasis (Beas) River. He turned south and traveled down the Indus River to its mouth, then made a difficult journey through the Makran Desert near the southern coast of Afghanistan, before returning to Babylon via Susa and Ecbatana in early 323 BCE. *Some of the terminology that mentions "Pōros" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…前329年春ヒンドゥークシュ山脈を南から北に越えてバクトリア,ソグディアナに進攻したアレクサンドロスは,ここで土着豪族のスピタメネスSpitamenēsを指導者とする,オアシス住民と遊牧民との共闘に支えられた民衆の熾烈な抵抗戦に直面し,2年におよぶ苦戦を強いられた。 彼はさらに東の大洋岸への到達を目ざして前327年秋インド北西部に進攻し,象部隊を擁するポロスPōros王の軍をヒュダスペス(ジェルム)河畔の戦(前326)に破るが,長途の征戦に疲れた将兵の前進拒否にあいヒュファシス(ベアス)河畔で東進の継続を断念した。彼は進路を南に転じてインダス川筋を河口まで下り,次いでアフガニスタン南岸に近いマクラン砂漠を苦難の果てに踏破した後,スーサ,エクバタナ経由で前323年初めバビロンに帰還した。… ※「Pōros」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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