It is an inflammation of the joints, and is classified in various ways depending on the cause. Infectious arthritis with a clear cause includes suppurative arthritis caused by staphylococcus, streptococcus, gonorrhea, etc. This is characterized by severe arthritis symptoms such as swelling, pain, heat, redness, and functional impairment of the joints, and progresses as acute arthritis. Arthritis caused by tuberculosis, syphilis, etc. progresses as chronic. Cases caused by gonorrhea, tuberculosis, and syphilis are now extremely rare. Rheumatoid arthritis is multiple, chronically progressive, and difficult to treat. Serous arthritis can occur after trauma to the joint, and is called traumatic arthritis. Osteoarthritis (bone arthritis) is also caused by degenerative changes in the joints, and is common in the elderly, most commonly seen in the knee and hip joints. Gouty arthritis often affects the first metatarsal joint, and pain is severe at night. There are also hemophilic and neuropathic types. [Takashi Nagai] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
関節の炎症で、原因によっていろいろに分類される。原因の明らかな感染性関節炎には、ブドウ球菌、連鎖球菌、淋(りん)菌などによる化膿(かのう)性関節炎がある。これは関節の腫脹(しゅちょう)、疼痛(とうつう)、熱感、発赤、機能障害などの関節炎症状が高度にみられ、急性関節炎の経過をとる。また結核や梅毒などによる関節炎は、慢性の経過をとる。淋菌、結核、梅毒によるものは、現在はきわめて少なくなっている。 リウマチ性関節炎は多発性で、慢性進行性の経過をとり難治性である。関節の外傷後に漿液(しょうえき)性関節炎をおこすことがあり、外傷性関節炎といわれる。また関節の退行性変化を基盤としておこるものに変形性関節症(骨(こう)関節炎)があり、高年者に多く発生し膝(しつ)関節と股(こ)関節に多くみられる。痛風の関節炎は足の第1中足関節にくることが多く、夜間に疼痛が強い。そのほか、血友病性のものや神経病性のものなどもある。 [永井 隆] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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