Bat - Bat
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[1] (A variant of the word "kawahori" ("kawabori")) 1. A general term for mammals belonging to the order Chiroptera. There are approximately 1,000 species in 18 families. Their bodies resemble those of mice, but their front legs are extremely developed, and there is a membrane between the toes and down the sides of their body that forms wings. In many species, there is also a membrane between the hind legs and the tail. The five toes on the hind legs are hooked, allowing them to hang from trees and rocks. They are broadly divided into large macrochiroptera and small microchiroptera. The former have highly developed eyesight, while the latter have poor eyesight. They fly by emitting special ultrasonic waves from their vocal cords, catching the reflection with their ears and gauging the distance. They hide in rock holes or attics during the day, and fly out in the evening to get food. They range in size from the Java flying fox, which has a wingspan of 1.7 meters, a body length of 40 centimeters, and a weight of 900 grams, to the hog-horned bat, which has a wingspan of 16 centimeters, a body length of 3 centimeters, and weighs less than 2 grams (the smallest of all mammals). Kawahori. Kakuidori. Hempuku. Tenso. Kobori. Season: Summer [Ikyoshu (Muromachi)] ② A pattern modeled on the flying form of ①. Also, a crest. *Miscellaneous haiku, Yanagi Taru-63 (1813) "As the sun came in, my son put on a bat and went out." ③ An abbreviation of "bat gasa (bat umbrella)." *Tosei Shosei Kaishiki (Tosei Shosei Kishiki) (1885-86) ( Tsubouchi Shoyo) 8 "He held a bat umbrella in one hand. He pressed his forehead with the other." ④ A person who sides with the more powerful side depending on the situation. [Hidden Word Dictionary (1929)] [2] A tanuta (traditional Japanese song), a kouta (a type of song). It was written by local fans to welcome the Osaka performance of Ichikawa Danjūrō VII, and begins with "On the beach where the bat came out." The bat is Danjūrō's family crest. [Etymology] (1) Although it is classified as a mammal, its forelimbs become wings and it can fly freely in the air like a bird. Since ancient times, it has often been used as an analogy for things that are similar but not the same, or things that can change their affiliation for convenience. An example of this is the line in Gumei Hatsushinshū (around 1213), which says, "Although they call themselves bhikkhu (monks), they are really like bats. They are called Buddha's sons too. How shameful." (2) The word's form has changed in various ways, from the archaic form Kahahori to the present form Kobat. In documents from the Middle Ages, there are many examples of "Kahahori", but it is highly likely that the actual pronunciation was Kahabori. After that, due to changes in phonology, from the Middle Ages to the Middle Ages, the word's form fluctuated, with Kawabori resulting from the Ha-row pronunciation, Kawaburi resulting from the alternation of the O-row and U-row sounds, Kawamori resulting from the change from the Ba-row to the Ma-row, Kaubori , Kauburi , and Kaubari resulting from the change from Kawa to Kau, and so on. Overall, Kabati came to be used more frequently than Kahahori in the Middle Ages, and there was a distinction between Kaubari being used in ordinary language and Kahahori being used in written language. (3) From the Middle Ages to the early modern period, the pronunciation changed from Kaubat to Kohbat, and in the early modern period it became Kohbat completely, but due to the normative consciousness of kana spelling, it is mostly written as "Kaubat". In the modern period, Kahahori fell out of use, and only Kohbat has remained to this day. However, various forms remain in dialects. Kawa- horika is... [Bat]Henpuku [Bat]This is how it works... [Bat]ko- borikau... [bat]Kawaburikaha... [Bat]BatSource: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information |
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[1] (「かわほり（かわぼり）」の変化した語)① 翼手目に属する哺乳類の総称。一八科約一〇〇〇種。体はネズミに似ているが、前あしが著しく発達し、指の間から体のわきに飛膜があり翼をかたちづくる。多くの種では後あしと尾のあいだにも膜がある。後あしの五本の指はかぎ状で、木や岩などにぶらさがるのに適する。大型の大翼手類と小型の小翼手類に大別される。前者は視覚が発達しているが、後者は視覚が弱く、声帯から特別な超音波を出し、その反射を耳でとらえて距離をはかりながら飛ぶ。昼は岩穴や屋根裏などに潜み、夕方から飛び出して食物をとる。大きさは翼の開張一・七メートル、体長四〇センチメートル、体重九〇〇グラムに達するジャワオオコウモリから、翼開張一六センチメートル、体長三センチメートル、体重二グラム以下（哺乳類中最小）のブタバチコウモリまである。かわほり。かくいどり。へんぷく。てんそ。こうぼり。《季・夏》 〔伊京集（室町）〕② ①の飛ぶ姿をかたどった模様。また、紋所。※雑俳・柳多留‐六三（1813）「日か入ると息子蝙蝠着て出かけ」③ 「こうもりがさ（蝙蝠傘）」の略。※当世書生気質（1885‐86）〈坪内逍遙〉八「片手に蝠傘(カウモリ)さしかけつつ。片手で額を押へながら」④ 状況次第で勢いのよい方に味方する者。〔かくし言葉の字引（1929）〕[2] 端唄、小唄。七世市川団十郎の大坂興行を歓迎して、地元のひいきが作ったもので、「こうもりが出て来た浜の」で始まる。蝙蝠は団十郎の家紋である。[語誌](1)動物の分類としては哺乳類に属するが、前肢が翼となって鳥のように空中を自由に飛行するので、古くからしばしば、似て非なるもの、都合で所属を変えるものなどのたとえに用いられる。「愚迷発心集（1213頃）」の「猥しく比丘と号すれども甚蝙蝠の如し、剰仏子と称す、恐くは慚愧すべし」などがこれである。 (2)古形のカハホリから現在の形のコウモリに至るまで語形が様々に変化した。中古の文献では「カハホリ」の例が多いが、実際の発音はカハボリであった可能性が高い。その後、音韻の変化により、中古から中世にかけて、ハ行転呼によるカワボリ、オ段とウ段の交替によるカワブリ、バ行からマ行への変化によるカワモリ、カワ→カウの変化によるカウボリ、カウブリ、カウモリなどが生じ、語形が揺れた。全体的には、中世にはカハホリよりもカウモリが多く行なわれるようになり、カウモリが普通語、カハホリは文章語という使い分けも行なわれた。 (3)中世から近世にかけては、カウモリからコーモリへと発音が変化し、近世には完全にコーモリとなったが、仮名遣いの規範意識によって、表記は「カウモリ」のものがほとんどである。近代に入って、カハホリは使われなくなり、コウモリのみが残って現在に至った。ただし、方言では様々な形が残っている。 かわ‐ほり かは‥【蝙蝠】へん‐ぷく【蝙蝠】こう‐ぶり かう‥【蝙蝠】こう‐ぼり かう‥【蝙蝠】かわ‐ぶり かは‥【蝙蝠】こう‐むり かう‥【蝙蝠】出典 精選版 日本国語大辞典精選版 日本国語大辞典について 情報 |
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