Ishida Hakyo - Ishida Hakyo

Haiku poet. Born in Matsuyama City on March 18, 1913. His real name was Tetsuo. He started writing haiku when he was in his fourth year at Matsuyama Junior High School, and eventually studied under Ikazaki Kogo, taking the pen name Hakyo. He submitted his haiku to the magazine Ashibi together with Kogo. He was moved by reading Mizuhara Shuoushi's collection of haiku Katsushika, and moved to Tokyo. In 1933 (Showa 8), he became the youngest member of Ashibi. While working as an editor for Ashibi, he studied literature at Meiji University. He met Ishizuka Yuji and was introduced to Yokomitsu Riichi. In 1900, he published Ishida Hakyo Kushu, which attracted attention for its fresh, youthful haiku. In 1902, he founded and edited the magazine Tsuru. In 1904, he published his collection of haiku Tsuru no Me. Along with Nakamura Kusatao and Kato Shuson, he was known as a member of the esoteric school and a group that sought to explore humanity. He studied Basho and tried to establish the spirit of verse that is unique to haiku. He is known for saying, "Haiku is not literature." In 1943, he published his collection of haiku, Kazakiri. He was called up to serve on the Chinese front as a pigeon soldier (signal corps), but developed tuberculosis and was repatriated to the mainland. In 1946, he published his collection of haiku, Byōgan. His illness relapsed in 1947, and he underwent surgery the following year. From then on, he was in and out of hospital the rest of his life. His collection of haiku, Shakumyo, published in 1950, is a record of his fierce battle with illness. In 1954, he was awarded the Yomiuri Literature Prize for Ishida Hakyo Complete Haiku Collection. He left behind the collections of haiku "Spring Storm" (1957), "Flowers in the Wine Chamber" (1968), which won the Minister of Education Award, and "After Flowers in the Wine Chamber" (1970). He passed away on November 21, 1969.

[Terutoshi Hirai]

The snow is quiet and abundant.

"Complete Works of Hakyo Ishida, Volume 9 and Supplementary Volume 1 (1970-72, Kadokawa Shoten)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

俳人。大正2年3月18日松山市生まれ。本名哲大(てつお)。松山中学4年のとき俳句を始め、やがて五十崎(いかざき)古郷に師事、波郷と号した。古郷とともに『馬酔木(あしび)』に投句。水原秋桜子(しゅうおうし)の句集『葛飾(かつしか)』を読んで感動、上京。1933年（昭和8）『馬酔木』最年少の同人となる。『馬酔木』の編集に従事しながら明治大学文芸科に学ぶ。石塚友二と知り横光(よこみつ)利一に紹介される。35年『石田波郷句集』を上梓(じょうし)、清新な青春俳句が注目された。37年『鶴(つる)』を創刊主宰。39年句集『鶴の眼(め)』を刊行。中村草田男(くさたお)、加藤楸邨(しゅうそん)とともに難解派、人間探求派とよばれた。芭蕉(ばしょう)を学び俳句固有の韻文精神を確立しようとした。「俳句は文学ではない」ということばが知られる。43年句集『風切(かざきり)』刊行。鳩兵(きゅうへい)（通信隊）として中国戦線に召集されるが結核発病、内地に送還される。46年句集『病雁(びょうがん)』刊行。47年病気再発、翌年手術を受け、以後生涯、入退院を繰り返した。50年の句集『惜命(しゃくみょう)』はすさまじい闘病の記録。54年『石田波郷全句集』により読売文学賞受賞。『春嵐(はるあらし)』（1957）、文部大臣賞の『酒中花』（1968）、『酒中花以後』（1970）の句集を残した。昭和44年11月21日没。

［平井照敏］

　雪はしづかにゆたかにはやし屍室(かばねしつ)

『『石田波郷全集』9巻・別巻1（1970～72・角川書店）』

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