Ensenada - Ensenada (English spelling)

A Spanish politician of the 18th century. His real name was Zenón de Somodevilla y Bengoechea. He was from Alesanco in the northeast of Spain. His family background and his career up until he joined the Navy Ministry at the age of 18 are unknown. At the end of the War of Spanish Succession (1701-14), Spain renounced its territories in Italy in the Treaty of Utrecht, but immediately set the goal of recovering them as a diplomatic goal, and Ensenada made a great contribution to the implementation of this policy. In 1736, he was awarded a knighthood by the future King of Naples, Charles III, and thereafter played an active role as one of the senior vassals for two generations of Kings Ferdinand VI and Carlos III. He strongly promoted the reform course set by the Spanish Bourbon dynasty, such as strengthening the navy, creating a land register and rationalizing the tax system based on it, rebuilding finances, and building roads and canals to promote agriculture.

However, over the treatment of the Jesuits, who had an overwhelming influence on Spanish politics and society at the time, he came into conflict with Charles III, who sought to expel the Society from his position of royal supremacy. He was expelled from court for his involvement in the Esquilace Rebellion in 1766, ending his political career.

[Kobayashi Kazuhiro]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

18世紀のスペインの政治家。本名セノン・デ・ソモデビーリャ・イ・ベンゴエチェアZenón de Somodevilla y Bengoechea。スペイン北東部アレサンコAlesancoの出身。家柄や、18歳で海軍省入りするまでの経歴は不明。スペイン継承戦争（1701～14）の末に締結されたユトレヒト条約で、スペインはイタリアでの領土をいったんは放棄したものの、ただちにこれの回復を外交目標に据え、エンセナダはこの政策遂行に多大の功績をあげた。この功績により1736年に、当時ナポリ王だった後のカルロス3世から爵位を授与され、以後、フェルナンド6世およびカルロス3世の2代にわたって重臣の一人として活躍した。海軍の強化、土地台帳の作成とこれに基づく税制の合理化、財政再建、農業振興に向けての道路と運河の建設など、スペイン・ブルボン朝が掲げる改革路線を強力に推進した。

　しかし、当時のスペインの政治と社会に圧倒的な影響をもっていたイエズス会の処遇をめぐって、王権至上主義の立場から同会の追放を意図するカルロス3世と対立、1766年に発生したエスキラーチェの乱に加担したかどで宮廷を追われ、その政治生命を終えた。

［小林一宏］

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