Candidiasis - Candidiasis

Japanese: カンジダ症 - かんじだしょう
Candidiasis - Candidiasis

A disease caused by a type of fungus, Candida albicans . It is also called moniliasis. It is often found on mucous membranes, skin, and lungs, but can also spread to various organs throughout the body and cause illness in the final stages of serious diseases such as leukemia and cancer, or when using steroid hormone drugs. The bacteria also grow in the digestive tract and vagina of normal people.

Mucosal candidiasis includes thrush, which causes shallow erosions when milky white spots are wiped off inside the mouth, angular cheilitis, which causes cracks on the sides of the mouth and pain when opening the mouth, and vulvovaginitis, which causes eczema-like skin rashes, erosions, and rarely ulcers on the vulva and vagina of pregnant women and diabetics. Cutaneous candidiasis includes interdigital erosion, which causes sores between the fingers, intertrigo, which causes rashes and erosions under the armpits and breasts, cutaneous yeast infection, which causes eczema-like or erythematous lesions after diaper rash or washing clothes, perianal eczema, which causes itching from the anus to the perineum, and onychomycosis and paronychia, which cause discoloration and flaking of the nails and red, swollen areas around the nails that are painful. Visceral candidiasis occurs in the terminal stages of critical illnesses, often in the lungs, presenting as bronchopneumonia, and can lead to sepsis, especially in patients with intravenous catheters for high-calorie infusions.

[Takayoshi Fukushima]

Treatment

For mucosal candidiasis, antifungal liquids, ointments, lozenges, etc. (such as amphotericin B) are used locally, but may also be taken orally. For vaginal candidiasis, suppositories such as pimaricin are available. For cutaneous candidiasis, antifungal liquids, ointments, and powders are effective. For visceral candidiasis, amphotericin B is effective, and is administered by intravenous drip injection.

[Takayoshi Fukushima]

[Reference items] | Thrush | Mycosis

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

真菌(カビ)の一種であるカンジダ・アルビカンスCandida albicansなどによっておこされる病気。モニリア症ともいう。粘膜、皮膚、肺に多くみられるほか、白血病や癌(がん)などの重篤疾患の末期、あるいはステロイドホルモン剤の使用に際して、全身の諸臓器に広がって病気をおこす。菌は正常な人の消化管や腟(ちつ)にも発育している。

 粘膜カンジダ症には、口内にできた乳白色斑(はん)をふき取ると浅いびらんがみられる鵞口瘡(がこうそう)、口のわきに亀裂(きれつ)ができて口を開くと痛む口角炎、妊婦や糖尿病患者の外陰部や腟に湿疹(しっしん)様皮疹、びらん、まれに潰瘍(かいよう)をつくる外陰腟炎などがある。皮膚カンジダ症には、指のまたがただれる指間びらん症、わきの下や乳房の下に発疹やびらんができる間擦疹、おむつかぶれや水仕事などのあとに湿疹状あるいは紅斑状の病変がみられる皮膚酵母菌症、肛門(こうもん)周囲から会陰(えいん)部にかけてかゆくなる肛囲湿疹、爪(つめ)が変色してぼろぼろになり周囲が赤くはれて痛む爪炎(そうえん)および爪囲炎などがある。内臓カンジダ症は、重篤疾患の末期に併発し、肺によくみられ、気管支肺炎の症状を示す。とくに、高カロリー輸液用に静脈内へカテーテルを留置している患者では、敗血症をおこしやすい。

[福嶋孝吉]

治療

粘膜カンジダ症には抗真菌剤(アムホテリシンBなど)の液剤、軟膏(なんこう)、トローチなどを局所的に用いるが、内服を併用する場合もある。腟カンジダ症にはピマリシンなどの坐薬(ざやく)がある。皮膚カンジダ症には抗真菌剤の液剤、軟膏、粉末剤がよい。内臓カンジダ症にはアムホテリシンBが有効で、静脈内に点滴注射される。

[福嶋孝吉]

[参照項目] | 鵞口瘡 | 真菌症

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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