Refined butter commonly used in India. It is the English word butter oil. In Sanskrit, it is called ghrita. It has been used for food and medicine since ancient times, and is still used in lamps, altar offerings, and religious ceremonies in which it is thrown into fire, and it often appears in ancient Indian scriptures. It is the only animal fat that can be eaten by religious vegetarians, so it plays an extremely important role in the diet, and about 40-43% of the milk (including buffalo milk) produced in India is processed into ghee. The same type of butter oil with good preservation properties exists in the inland area from high-temperature Southwest Asia to Mongolia, and is made by melting crude butter made from fermented milk of sheep, goat, cow, buffalo, yak, etc. over low heat, removing water and traces of protein, and skimming off the transparent butter oil. There is also a method, like Mongolian shartos, in which raw milk is boiled and left to stand, and the layer of fat that rises to the surface is scooped up and heated to make it in the same way. It is also becoming increasingly accepted that 'Daigo', a dairy product from the Tang Dynasty in China, is the equivalent of this. [Kyoji Niinuma and Akiaki Wani] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
インドで常用されている精製バター。英語のバターオイルにあたる。サンスクリット語ではグリタghritaで、古来食用、薬用に供されてきたほか、いまも灯明や祭壇の供物、火中に投じて炎とする宗教祭儀などに用いられ、古代インドの経典にもよくそれが現れる。とくに宗教的な菜食主義者が食用にできる唯一の動物性脂肪なので、食生活上きわめて重要な地位を占め、インドで生産される牛乳(水牛乳を含む)の約40~43%がギーに加工されている。同じ形の保存性のよいバターオイルが、高温の西南アジアからモンゴルに至る内陸一帯に存在し、その製法はヒツジ、ヤギ、ウシ、スイギュウ、ヤクなどの発酵乳の粗製バターをとろ火で溶解し、水分と微量のタンパク質を除去して、透明なバターオイルの部分をすくい取る。またモンゴルのシャルトスのように、生乳を煮て静置した後に浮上する脂肪の層をすくい上げ、それを加熱して同じように取る製法もある。なお、中国唐代の乳製品の「醍醐(だいご)」が、それにあたることもほぼ定説化しつつある。 [新沼杏二・和仁皓明] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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