Medium wave broadcasting - Chuwa Hoso (English spelling)

Japanese: 中波放送 - ちゅうはほうそう(英語表記)medium wave broadcasting
Medium wave broadcasting - Chuwa Hoso (English spelling)

Radio broadcasting using medium wave radio waves (allocated frequencies are 526.5 to 1606.5 kHz). Medium wave broadcasting is also called AM broadcasting because it uses the amplitude modulation (AM) method. The sound quality is not necessarily good, but the advantage is that the receivers can be made inexpensively. Medium wave radio waves travel along the earth's surface during the day and are not affected by slight irregularities such as buildings and hills, so the reception range (service area) is wide. At night, the radio waves are reflected by the ionosphere and travel far away, so broadcasts from distant places can be heard, but on the other hand, they can also be interfered with by radio waves from broadcasting stations with nearby frequencies. As the number of medium wave broadcasting stations in overseas countries increases, interference with broadcasting waves from other countries has become more common. In particular, beat interference with radio waves from countries with different frequency allocation intervals is extremely difficult to hear. For this reason, in 1978, the frequency allocation plan for medium wave radio stations in Asia, Oceania, Europe, and Africa was unified to the same frequency with 9 kHz intervals, and beat interference has disappeared since then. Medium wave broadcasting is characterized by its speed and immediacy in live programs, local news, road traffic information, etc., which take advantage of its mobility. In addition, it is possible to make small, lightweight, and low-power-consumption receivers, which makes it an irreplaceable advantage for emergency broadcasts in disasters and as a means of transmitting information to moving objects such as automobiles.

In addition, for various purposes, such as measures against urban hearing loss caused by dense building density, geographical and topographical hearing loss, and disaster preparedness, FM complementary broadcasting (wide FM broadcasting), which simultaneously broadcasts AM radio programs on FM broadcast frequencies, began in 2014. For a detailed explanation, please refer to the "FM complementary broadcasting" entry.

[Satoshi Kimura, Toshiyuki Kaneki, Shokichiro Yoshikawa February 17, 2020]

[Reference] | FM complementary broadcasting | Amplitude modulation | Medium wave | Radio

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

中波帯の電波を用いて行うラジオ放送(割当て周波数は526.5~1606.5キロヘルツ)。中波放送には振幅変調(AM:amplitude modulation)方式が採用されていることから、AM放送ともよばれる。音質はかならずしもよくないが、受信機が安価にできるメリットがある。中波放送の電波は、昼間は地表を伝わり、ビルや丘など多少の凹凸には影響を受けないので、受信範囲(サービスエリア)は広い。夜間は電波が電離層で反射されて遠方まで伝わるので、遠隔地の放送も聞こえるようになるが、その反面、周波数の近接した放送局の電波と混信することにもなる。海外諸国の中波放送局の増加に伴い、外国からの放送波が混信することが増えてきた。とくに周波数割当て間隔の異なった国の電波とのビート混信(うなり)はきわめて聞きづらい。このため1978年にアジア、オセアニアとヨーロッパ、アフリカ地区の中波ラジオ放送局の周波数割当て計画が9キロヘルツ間隔の同一周波数に統一され、それ以来ビート混信はなくなった。中波放送の特長は、機動力を生かした生番組、ローカルニュース、道路交通情報など、速報性、即時性にある。また、小型・軽量かつ低消費電力の受信機がつくれるので、災害時の緊急放送や、自動車など移動体への情報伝達手段として他にかえがたい利点をもっている。

 なお、建物の密集による都市型難聴対策、地理的・地形的難聴対策、災害時対策などさまざまな目的のため、中波ラジオ放送の番組をFM放送の周波数で同時に放送するFM補完放送(ワイドFM放送)が2014年(平成26)から開始された。詳しい解説については「FM補完放送」の項目を参照されたい。

[木村 敏・金木利之・吉川昭吉郎 2020年2月17日]

[参照項目] | FM補完放送 | 振幅変調 | 中波 | ラジオ

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