Glass ceramics are made by forming a special composition into a microcrystalline material and then heat-treating it again. They generally have a smooth and shiny surface, and can be transparent, milky, or have patterns baked into them. They are also called crystallized glass. The first product was Pyroceram, announced by Corning in 1957 with the advertising slogan "Stronger than steel and lighter than aluminum." Since it is not homogeneous like glass but is a microcrystalline material, it is difficult for cracks to develop from the surface, and is generally more resistant to breaking and stronger than the original glass. By selecting the precipitated crystals, it is also possible to obtain a material with a high thermal shock resistance that can withstand sudden changes in temperature by making the thermal expansion coefficient zero or negative. They are used in heat-resistant tableware, precision bearings, heat-resistant windows, insulating materials, low-temperature sealing materials, etc. The crystal phase varies depending on the product, but the main ones are high-temperature quartz, cristobalite, corundum, and lithium aluminosilicate, but there are also glass ceramics that contain a wide variety of crystals. Furthermore, by utilizing the optical properties of crystals, materials with optical properties that cannot be obtained with glass alone have been obtained. [Teruo Sakaino and Setsuro Ito] [Reference item] |©Shogakukan "> Comparison of the main properties of glass ceramics ©Shogakukan "> Examples of glass ceramic products Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
特殊組成のガラスを成形したのち再熱処理によって微結晶体化したもので、一般に滑らかで光沢のある表面をもち、透明なもの、乳白色のもの、あるいは模様を焼き付けたものなどがある。結晶化ガラスともいう。1957年にアメリカのコーニング社から「鉄よりも強くアルミニウムより軽い」という宣伝文句で発表されたパイロセラムが最初の製品。ガラスのように均質でなく、微結晶体であるため、表面からの亀裂(きれつ)が進みにくく、一般に元のガラスより割れにくく強度が高い。また析出結晶を選ぶことにより、熱膨張係数をゼロまたは負にすると温度の急変に耐える耐熱衝撃性の高いものも得られる。耐熱食器、精密軸受、耐熱窓、絶縁材、低温封着材などに用いられる。結晶相は製品によって異なるが、主要なものは、高温型石英、クリストバライト、コランダム、リチウム・アルミノケイ酸塩などであるが、多種多様の結晶を含むガラスセラミックスがある。さらに、結晶の光学的性質を利用して、ガラス単独では得られない光学特性をもつ材料も得られている。 [境野照雄・伊藤節郎] [参照項目] |©Shogakukan"> ガラスセラミックスの主要な性質の比較 ©Shogakukan"> ガラスセラミックス製品の例 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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