It is an alkaloid found in large quantities in the poisonous mushroom Amanita phalloides, and in small amounts in Amanita phalloides and Fly Amanita. It acts on the acetylcholine receptors that control the parasympathetic nervous system, producing the same effects as when the parasympathetic nervous system is excited (called the muscarinic effect, which causes cardiac inhibition, vasodilation, saliva secretion, lacrimation, bronchiconstriction, gastrointestinal irritation, etc.). It is used in experimental pharmacology, but is not used clinically. The muscarinic effect can be countered by parasympathetic nerve inhibitors such as atropine. [Fumiji Koho] "Gastric Acid Secretion Mechanism and Parietal Cell Receptor Antagonists" edited by Keiji Oe and Akira Hayakawa (1986, Toyo Shoten)" ▽ "New Brain Receptors" edited by Norio Ogawa (1989, World Health News Agency)" ▽ "Mushroom Poisoning" by Mamoru Yamashita and Hisahiko Furukawa (1993, Kyoritsu Shuppan)" [References] | | | | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
毒キノコのアセタケに多量に含まれるアルカロイドで、テングタケやベニテングタケにも少量含まれる。副交感神経支配のアセチルコリン受容体(レセプター)に作用して副交感神経が興奮したときと同じ作用(ムスカリン作用といい、心臓機能抑制、血管拡張、唾液(だえき)分泌、流涙、気管支収縮、胃腸刺激などをおこす)をする。実験薬理学的に用いられるが、臨床的には使われていない。なお、ムスカリン作用はアトロピンのような副交感神経抑制薬によって作用が打ち消される。 [幸保文治] 『大江慶治・早川滉編『胃酸分泌機構と壁細胞受容体拮抗剤』(1986・東洋書店)』▽『小川紀雄編著『新 脳のレセプター』(1989・世界保健通信社)』▽『山下衛・古川久彦著『きのこ中毒』(1993・共立出版)』 [参照項目] | | | | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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