Camerini, M.

Japanese: カメリーニ,M. - かめりーに
Camerini, M.

...In 1925, the public film corporation Luce was founded with the aim of educating and promoting film, in 1932 a film section was opened at the Venice Biennale (which started as the Venice International Film Festival in 1934), in 1934 the Film Bureau of the Ministry of Popular Culture was established, in 1935 the film school Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia (Film Experimental Center) was opened, in 1937 the Cinecittà Studios, which was called the Film City, was built, and the film theory magazines Bianco e Nero and Cinema were launched. It was during this Fascist period that Alessandro Brazzetti, the director of The Sun (1929) and 1860 (1933), who were pioneers of Neorealism, and Mario Camerini, the director of The Rail (1929) and Man, What a Scoundrel (1932), made their debuts. The Experimental Film Center, which was established to promote the Fascist film regime, produced many famous directors, including Roberto Rossellini, Luciano Emmer, Michelangelo, and others. Among its members were Gello Antonioni, Luigi Zampa, Pietro Germi, Giuseppe De Santis, and Francesco Maselli, while the magazine Cinema, whose editor-in-chief was Mussolini's son, Vittorio Mussolini, produced such filmmakers as Luchino Visconti, Cesare Zavatini, and Carlo Lizzani, who would later go on to shock the world's cinema with the Neorealism movement.
[Post-war Italian films]
Apart from the "spaghetti westerns" that created a sensation from the mid-1960s to the 1970s, Italian films after World War II can be considered in a broad sense as a trace of "neorealism" and its transformation, including the postwar "Italian comedy" that attracted international attention after director Vittorio De Sica's "Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow" (1964) won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film (Marcello Mastroianni and Sophia Loren, and the series of erotic comedies starring Rio Gasman, etc.), as well as the boom in "nocturnal films" that began with Alessandro Brazzetti's "Night in Europe" (1960) and the series of "cruel documentaries" beginning with Gualtiero Jacopetti's "The Story of Cruelty to the World" (1961).

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Camerini, M." is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…1925年,〈映画による教育宣伝を目的〉とした映画公社〈ルーチェLUCE〉の設立,32年ベネチアの〈ビエンナーレ展〉に映画部門開設(1934年からベネチア国際映画祭としてスタート),34年民衆文化省映画局の設立,35年映画学校〈チェントロ・スペリメンターレ・ディ・チネマトグラフィア(映画実験センター)〉開校,37年映画都市と呼ばれたチネチッタ撮影所の建設,さらに同映画理論誌《ビアンコ・エ・ネーロ》および《チネマ》の創刊等々。〈ネオレアリズモ〉の先駆となった《太陽》(1929),《1860年》(1933)の監督アレッサンドロ・ブラゼッティ,《レール》(1929),《人間,なんたる悪党》(1932)の監督マリオ・カメリーニがデビューしたのもこのファシズム時代においてであり,ファシズムの映画体制を促進する目的で作られた映画実験センターからは,ロベルト・ロッセリーニ,ルチアーノ・エンメル,ミケランジェロ・アントニオーニ,ルイジ・ザンパ,ピエトロ・ジェルミ,ジュゼッペ・デ・サンティス,フランチェスコ・マゼッリらが,またムッソリーニの息子ビットリオ・ムッソリーニを編集長にいただいた《チネマ》誌の同人からは,ルキノ・ビスコンティ,チェーザレ・ザバッティーニ,カルロ・リッツァーニら,のちに世界の映画界に衝撃を与える〈ネオレアリズモ〉を担う映画作家たちが輩出したのである。
[戦後のイタリア映画]
 第2次大戦後のイタリア映画は,1960年代半ばから70年代にかけて旋風を巻き起こす〈マカロニ・ウェスタン〉を除けば,ビットリオ・デ・シーカ監督《昨日・今日・明日》(1964)のアメリカ・アカデミー外国語映画賞受賞をきっかけとして,国際的に注目されることになる戦後の〈イタリア喜劇〉の系譜(マルチェロ・マストロヤンニ,ソフィア・ローレンのコンビやリオ・ガスマンが主演する一連の艶笑喜劇等々)も,アレッサンドロ・ブラゼッティの《ヨーロッパの夜》(1960)に始まる〈夜もの〉から,グアルティエロ・ヤコペッティの《世界残酷物語》(1961)をはじめとする一連の〈残酷ドキュメンタリー〉に至るブームも含めて,広い意味で〈ネオレアリズモ〉とその変貌の軌跡とみなすことができる。…

※「カメリーニ,M.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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