The crime of causing the death or injury of another person through negligence. In the current Penal Code, Article 209 punishes negligent injury (or negligent injury), and Article 210 punishes negligent death. Of these, negligent injury is a private offense (Penal Code, Article 209, Paragraph 2). Negligence in these crimes is called simple negligence, and is distinguished from professional negligence, negligent driving of a motor vehicle, and gross negligence in Article 211. For example, negligence in accidents resulting in death or injury in housework, bicycle driving, sports, etc., falls under simple negligence, while accidents resulting in death or injury in dangerous activities that are repeated and continued in social life, such as corporate accidents and medical accidents, are punished under professional negligence resulting in death or injury. In the past, cases of negligent driving resulting in death or injury were punished under the crime of professional negligence resulting in death or injury. However, as automobile accidents became more frequent and became a major social problem, a new crime of negligent driving resulting in death or injury was created in 2007, and such cases are now punishable under this crime. [Tetsuro Nawa] [Reference] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
過失により他人を死亡または負傷させる罪。現行刑法では、第209条が過失致傷(または過失傷害)を、また、第210条が過失致死を処罰している。このうち、過失致傷罪は親告罪である(刑法209条2項)。これらの罪における過失は単純過失とよばれ、第211条の業務上過失、自動車運転過失、重過失と区別されている。たとえば家事、自転車運転、スポーツなどにおける死傷事故での過失が単純過失にあたり、これに対して、企業災害、医療事故など、社会生活上反覆・継続して行われる危険な活動における死傷事故は、業務上過失致死傷罪により処罰されている。自動車運転による過失致死傷事件についても、かつては業務上過失致死傷罪により処罰されていたが、自動車事故が多発し、大きな社会問題となるなかで、2007年(平成19)、自動車運転過失致死傷罪が新設され、これにより処罰されることとなった。 [名和鐵郎] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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