… However, today, most anthropologists, when discussing the origins of nation states, first address issues such as socio-economic stratification, the concentration of authority and power, and the specialization of labor. For example, MH Fried emphasized social and political stratification as the first step in the formation of a nation, while RL Carneiro emphasized specific geographical environments as the background for the creation of social classes and, ultimately, nation states. According to Carneiro's so-called geographical limitation theory, nations are more likely to arise in areas that are good land in themselves but are surrounded by barren deserts, mountains, or the sea. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "Carneiro, RL" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… しかし今日では,大部分の人類学者は国家の起源を論ずるにあたって,まず社会経済的な階層化や権威・権力の集中,労働の専門分化などの問題をとりあげるようになってきている。たとえばフリードM.H.Friedは国家形成の第一歩として社会的,政治的な階層化を強調したし,カーネイロR.L.Carneiroは社会階層ひいては国家を生み出す背景として特殊な地理的環境を重視した。カーネイロのいわゆる地理的限定理論によれば,それ自体は良好な土地だが,周囲を不毛の砂漠や山岳,あるいは海などに囲まれた地域において国家が興りやすいという。… ※「カーネイロ,R.L.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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