After World War I and the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, a peace treaty was signed between the Allied Powers and Hungary at the Trianon Palace in Versailles on June 4, 1920. As a result of this treaty and the Treaty of Saint-Germain, Hungary gained independence from Austria, and Slovakia, Croatia, and Transylvania were separated from the former Hungarian territories, and some of the territory was ceded to Austria and Italy. As a result, Hungary lost two-thirds of its former territory and three-fifths of its population. Hungary, which was a multi-ethnic country before the war, became a mono-ethnic country as a result of this territorial division, but on the other hand, 3 million of its own ethnicities were forced to live abroad. After that, a strong restitution movement arose in Hungary during the interwar period, which determined its politics, diplomacy, and culture. Meanwhile, the neighboring countries that had acquired territory from Hungary formed the "Little Entente" with the aim of maintaining this treaty, and checked Hungary's actions. [Minamizuka Shingo and Haba Hisako] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
第一次世界大戦とオーストリア・ハンガリー帝国崩壊ののち、1920年6月4日、ベルサイユのトリアノンTrianon宮殿で、連合国とハンガリーとの間に結ばれた講和条約。この条約とサン・ジェルマン条約とにより、ハンガリーはオーストリアから独立し、旧ハンガリー領からは、スロバキア、クロアチア、トランシルバニアが分離、一部領土はオーストリアとイタリアに割譲された。これによりハンガリーは旧領土面積の3分の2、人口の5分の3を失った。戦前多民族国家であったハンガリーは、この領土分割によって単一民族国家になったが、逆に300万人の自民族を国外に置くこととなった。以後、戦間期ハンガリーには強力な失地回復運動が起こり、それが政治、外交、文化を規定した。一方、ハンガリーから領土を得た周辺諸国は、この条約の維持を目ざして「小協商」を結成、ハンガリーの動きを牽制(けんせい)した。 [南塚信吾・羽場久浘子] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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