general union

Japanese: general union(英語表記)generalunion
general union

...General unions have expanded into areas where industrial, occupational or company-specific unions have not yet reached, and have attracted many members from low-skilled workers who increased in the mass production system, and from industries such as transport and commerce, which have increased with the expansion of the distribution sector. However, they also target minority groups of highly skilled workers who cannot organize their own unions. The prototype of the general union was born in 1889 when a dockers' strike broke out in London, and with the support of workers from around the world, workers who had been unorganized until then won a victory. In the UK, the National Insurance Act of 1911 established health insurance and unemployment insurance, stabilizing the lives of low-income workers, and the rapid increase in the number of semi-skilled and unskilled workers during World War I improved the conditions for organizing, leading to a dramatic expansion.

From the Labor Union:

The trade union movement was led by the trade union movement leader, who was the driving force behind the establishment of the trade union movement in 1945.
[general union]
In contrast to the decline of craft unions for skilled workers, unskilled workers, who had not previously been organized, began to organize at the same time. Unskilled workers were not fixed in a particular industry or trade, so they could not monopolize the labor market in the way that craft unions did. Therefore, they organized labor unions as mass organizations targeting all workers, and attempted to improve working conditions by exerting collective pressure on employers.

*Some of the terminology that refers to "general union" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…産業別組合,職業別組合あるいは企業別組合など,特定の労働者を対象とする組合の組織化が及んでいない分野に組織を伸ばしており,大量生産方式のなかで増大した低熟練の労働者や,流通部門の拡大にともなって増加した運輸,商業などの産業で多くの組合員を集めているが,高熟練でも独自の組合を組織できない少数グループの労働者も組織対象にしている。一般組合(英語でゼネラル・ユニオンgeneral union)の原型が生まれたのは,1889年にロンドンで港湾労働者のストライキが起こり,世界各国の労働者の支援を受けて,それまで未組織状態にあった労働者が勝利を収めた時点である。その後イギリスでは,1911年の国民保険法によって健康保険や失業保険が成立し,低所得労働者の生活が安定したことや,第1次大戦中に半・不熟練労働者が急増したことなど,組織化の条件が改善されたため,飛躍的に拡大した。…

【労働組合】より

…とくに19世紀末からの独占企業の成立によりもたらされた大量生産方式のもとでクラフト・ユニオンの労働市場支配力は低下し,使用者からの圧迫や組合相互間での縄張争いの結果として労働組合運動の中心としての位置から脱落した。
[一般組合general union]
 熟練労働者のクラフト・ユニオンが衰退したのと対照的に,同じ時期に従来未組織であった不熟練労働者の組織化が始まった。不熟練労働者は特定の産業や業種に定着していないため,クラフト・ユニオンのような方法では労働市場の独占ができなかったので,労働組合をすべての労働者を対象とする大衆組織として組織し,使用者に集団的圧力を加えることを通じて労働条件の改善を果たそうとした。…

※「general union」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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