Housing policy - Housing policy

In China, during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Yuwen Rong implemented a policy of checking fugitive households (investigating and registering fugitives). The policy, which was implemented in 721 based on a proposal by Yuwen Rong, the inspector-in-chief, was largely a copy of Li Qiao's policy on fugitive households during the reign of Empress Wu Zetian. Yuwen Rong was appointed as the governor of the state and the governor of the state, and dispatched judges to various places to register fugitive households in their domiciles or residences, and to collect rents and land taxes from them. However, this did not produce results, so in 724 he abandoned the previous policy, registered the fugitive households in their residences, gave them the name of guest households, and embarked on a policy of collecting only light taxes, appointing Yuwen Rong as the governor of the state and the governor of the state. In just under a year, he acquired over 800,000 guest houses and a vast amount of unregistered land (Senden). The official recognition of the guest houses at this time paved the way for the abolition of the tax system and the establishment of the two tax laws.

[Tonami Mamoru]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、唐の玄宗のときに宇文融(うぶんゆう)が行った逃戸検括(とうこけんかつ)（逃亡民を調べ戸籍につける）政策。721年に監察御史(かんさつぎょし)の宇文融の提案に基づいて施行された括戸は、則天武后朝における李嶠(りきょう)の逃戸対策をほぼ踏襲するものであった。宇文融は勾当租庸地税使(こうとうそようちぜいし)と覆囚(ふくしゅう)使に任ぜられ、判官を各地に派遣し、軍府の州などからの逃戸を本籍地あるいは寄寓(きぐう)地の戸籍につけて、彼らから租庸と地税を徴収しようとした。しかし成果があがらず、724年に従来の方針を打ち切り、浮逃戸を寄寓地の戸籍につけて客戸(きゃっこ)という名を与え、軽税のみを徴収する政策に踏み切り、宇文融を勧農使に任命した。彼は、わずか1年足らずの間に、80余万の客戸と広大な登記されていなかった土地（羨田(せんでん)）を得た。この際の客戸の公認は、租庸調制の廃棄、両税法の成立への道を開くことになる。

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