Governor of the River Channel (English: he-dao-zong-du; ho-tao-tsung-tu)

Japanese: 河道総督 - かどうそうとく（英語表記）he-dao-zong-du; ho-tao-tsung-tu

During the Ming and Qing dynasties in China, the highest official position was responsible for managing river channels for shipping. Although flood control of the Yellow River was the responsibility of the Ministry of Works, this position was established to manage the Yellow River and canals in order to ensure smooth shipping. In the fourth year of the Ming dynasty (1509), the position of Governor-General of River Channels, with the same rank as the Governor-General of Shipping, was established, and took on the task of managing the river channels that had previously been under the control of the Governor-General of Shipping. During the Qing dynasty, the division of duties between the two positions became clearer, and the number of positions was increased to three: Governor-General of River Channels in Jiangnan, Governor-General of Henan in Shandong, and Governor-General of Zhili.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

中国，明・清時代，漕運のための河道を管理する最高責任者の官職。黄河の治水などは工部の管轄であるが，漕運の円滑な運営を目的として黄河や運河の管理のために設けられたもの。明の正徳4 (1509) 年に漕運総督と同格の総督河道都御史が設置され，それまで漕運総督の管理下にあった河道の管理を任務とした。清朝では両者の職掌分担がより明確になり，江南河道総督，山東河南総督，直隷総督の3名に増員された。

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