Tai Kato

Japanese: 加藤泰 - かとうたい
Tai Kato

Film director. Born in Kobe City. Film director Sadao Yamanaka is his maternal uncle. While studying mechanical engineering at Aichi Prefectural Technical School, he was impressed by films such as Daisuke Ito's "Ooka Seidan 2: Mazo-hen" (1930-1931), and moved to Tokyo with Yamanaka's help, where he was hired as an assistant director at Toho. After studying under Mikio Naruse and others, he moved to Riken Scientific Films in 1941 (Showa 16) and the Manchuria Film Association in 1944, where he worked on documentary films. After World War II, he worked as an assistant director at Daiei on Ito's "Soronin Makari Toru" (1947) and "Osho" (1948), and Akira Kurosawa's "Rashomon" (1950), before making his directorial debut with "Kennan Onna Nan" (1951), part 1 and part 2 for Takara Productions (an independent production company established in 1950, which produced period dramas distributed by Shintoho). In 1957, he moved his base of operations to Toei, where he met Nakamura Kinnosuke (later Yorozuya Kinnosuke) in "Genjikuro Sassouki: Nuregami Nito-ryu" (1957). In the travel-oriented period drama "Kaze to Onna to Tabigarasu" (1958), he ordered Kinnosuke and the rest of the cast to wear no makeup, blowing a hole in the Toei period drama world where white makeup was the norm. He further worked with Kinnosuke on "Mabuta no Haha" (1962) and "Kutsukake Tokijiro: Yūkyō Ippiki" (1966), pursuing the aesthetics of travel-oriented period dramas without any compromise, even in the low-budget, quick-shooting scenes. He also produced a wide variety of works within the genre of period dramas, including "Castle of Flames" (1960), an adaptation of "Hamlet" starring Hashizo Okawa (1929-1984); "Ghost Story of Oiwa" (1961), a thoroughly realist work that captures the heat of summer and the passions of men and women; "Sanada Fuunroku" (1963), a musical that vividly reflects the mood of the era following the Security Treaty protests; and "Bakumatsu Zankoku Monogatari" (1964), a group drama that exposes the inner workings of the Shinsengumi.

When Toei shifted its focus from period dramas to gangster films, "Meiji Kyoukaiden: Third Generation Shuumei" (1965) was an emotional portrayal of a gangster (Tsuruta Koji (1924-1987)) torn between the rules of the underworld and love between a man and a woman, and was a masterpiece that set the tone for subsequent gangster films. "Hibotan Gambler: Hanafuda Match" (1969), "Hibotan Gambler: Oryu Visits" (1970), and "Hibotan Gambler: I'll Take Your Life" (1971) are also Kato's masterpieces, as they faithfully follow the format of gangster films but also sensitively depict the feminine side of the female gangster Oryu. In the course of mass-producing such works, Kato Tai's distinctive aesthetic was cultivated, including extremely low angles, for which he was even afraid to dig holes in the ground, and deep compositions that capture multiple objects in front of and behind the screen at the same time. In the 1970s, studios moved away from mass production and began to focus on blockbusters, but even in his major works such as The Theater of Life (1972), The Legend of Nihon Kyokaden (1973), and Like a Flame (1981), his unique fusion of stylized beauty and realism reached even greater depths. When his works were shown at special screenings at the Locarno Film Festival in Switzerland and the Rotterdam Film Festival in the Netherlands, he was greeted with great surprise, and he is still a filmmaker in the process of being "discovered."

[Tsuneishi Fumiko]

Documents List of Director's Works

Submarine (1941)
Bubbles (1943)
Lice are scary (1944)
Military Academy (1944)
The Trouble with the Sword and the Trouble with Women: A Woman's Heart's Change of Heart (1951)
Sword Troubles, Women's Troubles: Sword and Shooting Star (1951)
Shimizu Port is scarier than a demon (1952)
The Tale of the Bulbul (1952)
Ninja Boy Raiya [co-directed with Ryo Hagiwara] (1955)
Orochimaru Strikes Back (1955)
Love-dyed Ronin (1957)
Genji Kuro's Dashing Chronicle: Wet Hair and Two Swords (1957)
The Scarlet Daimyo (1958)
Genji Kuro's Tale: The White Fox's Two-Sword Style (1958)
The Wind, the Woman and the Traveling Crow (1958)
Eight Views of the Ronin (1958)
The Red-Faced Secret Agent (1959)
The Hero of Edo (1960)
Iris Hat: Fighting Highway (1960)
Castle of Fire (1960)
Morning Mist Highway (1961)
Ghost Story of Oiwa (1961)
Mother of the Eyelids (1962)
Tange Sazen: The Tale of Ken'un Konryu (1962)
Sanada Chronicles (1963)
Samurai of the Wind (1964)
The Tale of the Rickshaw Man: Fighting Tatsu (1964)
Cruel Tales of the End of the Edo Period (1964)
Meiji Kyoukaiden: Third Generation Successor (1965)
Tokijiro Kutsukake: The Wanderer (1966)
Sucking the Bone (1966)
A Man's Face is His Resume (1966)
Opium Plateau: Hell's Brigade Attacks (1966)
18 years imprisonment (1967)
Spiritual of the Massacre (1968)
The Scarlet Peony Gambler: Hanafuda Game (1969)
The Scarlet Peony Gambler: Oryuu Visits (1970)
The Peony Gambler: I'll Take Your Life (1971)
Showa Female Gamblers (1972)
Theater of Life: Youth Edition, Lust Edition, and Chivalry Edition (1972)
Flowers and Dragons: The Blue Clouds, Love and Hate, and Raging Waves (1973)
Miyamoto Musashi (1973)
Japanese Heroes (1973)
Edogawa Ranpo's Shadow Beast (1977)
Like a Fire (1981)
The Ondekoza (1994)

"Yamane Sadao, The World of Kato Tai, A Rogue One (1970, Gentosha)""Ito Daisuke, The Poetry and Truth of Period Films, edited by Kato Tai (1976, Kinema Junposha)""Film Director Yamanaka Sadao (1985, Kinema Junposha)""Kato Tai's Film Flowers (1995, Wise Publishing)"

[References] | Mikio Naruse | Sadao Yamanaka

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

映画監督。神戸市に生まれる。映画監督の山中貞雄は母方の叔父にあたる。愛知県工業学校機械科に在学中、伊藤大輔の『続大岡政談 魔像篇』(1930~1931)などに感銘を受け、山中を頼って上京、東宝の助監督に採用される。成瀬巳喜男(みきお)などに師事したのち、1941年(昭和16)に理研科学映画、1944年には満州映画協会に移って記録映画を手がける。第二次世界大戦後は大映で伊藤の『素浪人罷(まかり)通る』(1947)や『王将』(1948)、黒澤明の『羅生門』(1950)などで助監督を務めたのち、宝プロ(1950年に設立された独立プロダクション。新東宝配給の時代劇を製作した)の『剣難女難』前後編(1951)で監督デビュー。1957年(昭和32)より活動の拠点を東映に移し、『源氏九郎颯爽(さっそう)記 濡れ髪二刀流』(1957)で中村錦之助(のちの萬屋(よろずや)錦之介)と出会う。股旅時代劇『風と女と旅鴉(たびがらす)』(1958)では錦之助はじめキャストすべてにノーメイクを命じ、白塗りが当然であった東映時代劇に風穴を開けた。錦之助とはさらに『瞼(まぶた)の母』(1962)と『沓掛(くつかけ)時次郎 遊侠一匹』(1966)で組み、低予算の早撮りであっても一切の妥協を許さず、股旅時代劇の美学を追求した。他に大川橋蔵(1929―1984)主演で『ハムレット』を翻案した『炎の城』(1960)、リアリズムに徹して夏の暑さと男女の情念を刻み付けた『怪談お岩の亡霊』(1961)、安保闘争後の時代の気分を色濃く反映させたミュージカル『真田(さなだ)風雲録』(1963)、新選組の内幕をあばく集団劇『幕末残酷物語』(1964)など、時代劇の枠内で多彩な作品を手がける。

 東映が時代劇から任侠やくざ映画に路線を転換すると、『明治侠客伝 三代目襲名』(1965)で渡世の掟と男女の愛の間で煩悶する侠客(鶴田浩二(1924―1987))を情感豊かに描き、その後の任侠映画の基調を決定する佳品とした。『緋牡丹(ひぼたん)博徒 花札勝負』(1969)、『緋牡丹博徒 お竜参上』(1970)、『緋牡丹博徒 お命戴きます』(1971)の3作も、任侠映画の型を忠実に踏襲しながらも、女侠客お竜の女としての一面を繊細に描いたもので、加藤の代表作である。こうした作品を量産するなかで、地面に穴を掘ることも辞さない極端なローアングル、画面の前と奥とで同時に複数のものを捉える深い構図など、加藤泰特有の美学は培われた。1970年代に入ると、各社は量産をやめて大作主義をとるようになるが、『人生劇場』(1972)、『日本侠花伝』(1973)、『炎のごとく』(1981)などの大作でも独特の様式美とリアリズムの融合はさらなる深みに達した。スイスのロカルノ映画祭、オランダのロッテルダム映画祭などで特集上映が組まれた際には大きな驚きをもって迎えられ、今なお「発見」の途上にある映画作家である。

[常石史子]

資料 監督作品一覧

潜水艦(1941)
泡(1943)
虱(しらみ)は怖い(1944)
軍官学校(1944)
剣難女難 女心転心の巻(1951)
剣難女難 剣光流星の巻(1951)
清水港は鬼より怖い(1952)
ひよどり草紙(1952)
忍術児雷也[萩原遼との共同監督](1955)
逆襲大蛇丸(1955)
恋染め浪人(1957)
源氏九郎颯爽記 濡れ髪二刀流(1957)
緋ざくら大名(1958)
源氏九郎颯爽記 白狐二刀流(1958)
風と女と旅鴉(1958)
浪人八景(1958)
紅顏の密使(1959)
大江戸の侠児(1960)
あやめ笠 喧嘩(けんか)街道(1960)
炎の城(1960)
朝霧街道(1961)
怪談お岩の亡霊(1961)
瞼の母(1962)
丹下左膳 乾雲坤竜(けんうんこんりゅう)の巻(1962)
真田風雲録(1963)
風の武士(1964)
車夫遊侠伝 喧嘩辰(1964)
幕末残酷物語(1964)
明治侠客伝 三代目襲名(1965)
沓掛時次郎 遊侠一匹(1966)
骨までしゃぶる(1966)
男の顔は履歴書(1966)
阿片台地 地獄部隊突撃せよ(1966)
懲役十八年(1967)
みな殺しの霊歌(1968)
緋牡丹博徒 花札勝負(1969)
緋牡丹博徒 お竜参上(1970)
緋牡丹博徒 お命戴きます(1971)
昭和おんな博徒(1972)
人生劇場 青春篇・愛欲篇・残侠篇(1972)
花と龍 青雲篇・愛憎篇・怒濤(どとう)篇(1973)
宮本武蔵(1973)
日本侠花伝(1973)
江戸川乱歩の陰獣(1977)
炎のごとく(1981)
ざ・鬼太鼓座(1994)

『山根貞男著『遊侠一匹 加藤泰の世界』(1970・幻燈社)』『伊藤大輔著、加藤泰編『時代劇映画の詩と真実』(1976・キネマ旬報社)』『『映画監督山中貞雄』(1985・キネマ旬報社)』『『加藤泰映画華』(1995・ワイズ出版)』

[参照項目] | 成瀬巳喜男 | 山中貞雄

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Takio Kato

>>:  Governor of the River Channel (English: he-dao-zong-du; ho-tao-tsung-tu)

Recommend

Rostov-Yaroslavskii (English spelling)

...Population: 36,400 (1993). An ancient Russian ...

Paul Mauriat

French composer, arranger, conductor, and pianist...

Pericardium - Pericardium

…This partition is generally called the transvers...

Otakara Kou - Otakara Kou

A perennial plant of the Asteraceae family (APG c...

Spinner dolphin (long-beaked dolphin)

A mammal of the family Delphinidae in the suborder...

Sloth - sloth (English spelling)

A general term for animals belonging to the order...

sketch

…Drawings can be broadly divided into the followi...

Cartesianism

A philosophical position that adopts the basic pri...

Kashikazawa Riverbank

...The basin of the Oyanagawa River, which flows ...

Mutsuki Island

One of the islands in the Kutsuna Islands in the S...

Amylotransglycosidase - Amylotransglycosidase

…The reaction is irreversible. It is widely found...

Calligraphy - Calligraphy

A formal code of etiquette that stipulates the fo...

Subarctic rainy climate - Akantaitauikikou

The subarctic zone is located between the temperat...

Sayyd Muhammad Abdille Hassan

… [Hideo Oda]. … *Some of the terminology that re...