Ashurbanipal

Japanese: アッシュールバニパル（英語表記）Ashurbanipal

King of the Assyrian Empire (reigned 669-630 BC). Highly educated and knowledgeable in religion, literature, and foreign languages, he became a prince in 672 BC and demonstrated his talent in domestic and foreign affairs. In 669 BC, he succeeded his father Esarhaddon to the throne and invaded Egypt. He drove back the army of Taharqa, the Egyptian king, from the Nile Delta, but in 664-663 BC, Egypt rebelled again, and he attacked Memphis and Thebes (662 BC). He then suppressed rebellions in Syria and Media, as well as a rebellion by his brother Shamash-shum-ukin, a fief of Babylon, and reigned relatively peacefully in his later years. His greatest achievement was the construction of the first large library in the ancient Near East in the royal palace in the capital, Nineveh, where he stored a wide variety of ancient documents (tablets). Some of these tablets were excavated in the mid-19th century, and are now preserved in the British Museum as valuable historical documents. The king also placed great importance on art, and the decoration of the royal palace, especially the technique of the reliefs, was unparalleled at the time.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

アッシリア帝国の王 (在位前 669～630) 。高い教養を身につけ，祭政，文芸，諸外国語に通じ，前 672年王子となり，積極的に内政，外交に敏腕を発揮。前 669年父エサルハッドンの跡を継いで即位し，エジプトに遠征。エジプト王タハルカの軍をナイルデルタ地帯から撃退したが，前 664～663年再び反乱を起したエジプトに進撃，メンフィスとテーベを破壊した (前 662) 。その後シリア諸国，メディアの反乱，兄でバビロンの封侯シャマシュ＝シュム＝ウキンの反乱などを平定し，晩年は比較的平穏な治世を迎えた。彼が後世に残した最大の業績は首都ニネベの王宮に古代近東では最初の大図書館を建設し，百般にわたる古文書 (タブレット) を収蔵したことである。 19世紀中頃に発掘されたその一部，二万余点のタブレットは大英博物館に保存され，貴重な史料となっている。芸術にも力を入れ，王宮の装飾，特に浮彫の技術は当時としては他に類例をみない。

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