A perennial plant of the lily family. It grows wild in moist fields from Europe to North Africa. In spring, 3 to 5 broad linear basal leaves, each 30 cm long and 3 to 4 cm wide, emerge from an underground bulb. In autumn, after the leaves wither, it blooms a pale pink-purple flower similar to saffron. Several flowers grow together in a membranous sheath and protrude from the bulb. The flower can be up to 9 cm in diameter, and each of the six tepals is 3 to 5 cm long. Colchicine, an alkaloid contained in the seeds, has long been known to be effective against rheumatism, and treatment with colchicine inhibits nuclear division in plant cells, doubling chromosomes, making it useful in cytology experiments and breeding. Note that saffron and saffron flower are plants of the Iridaceae family, and are easily confused with each other due to the similarity of their flower shapes. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
ユリ科の多年草。ヨーロッパから北アフリカにかけて,湿った原野などに自生する。春,地下の球根から広線形で長さ 30cm,幅3~4cmの根出葉を3~5枚出す。秋に葉が枯れたあと,サフランに似た淡紅紫色の花を開く。数花がまとまって膜質の鞘に包まれ,球根からぬき出るように伸びる。花は直径 9cmほどにもなり,また6枚の花被片は長さ3~5cmとなる。種子に含まれるアルカロイドのコルヒチンは昔からリウマチに有効とされ,またこれで処理すると植物の細胞の核分裂を阻害して染色体を倍加することができるので,細胞学の実験や育種学に利用されている。なお,サフラン,ハナサフランなどはアヤメ科の植物で,花の外形上の類似から混同されやすい。
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