The birthplace of the Assyrian Empire, its capital, country and patron deity. Its current name is Qarat Sharkat, located 270 km northwest of Baghdad. Founded around 2500 BC. It was powerful as a city of patron deities, and was built as a strategic location, protected by the Tigris River and cliffs to the east and north, fortresses to the south and west, and surrounded by a 4 km wall. It flourished most during the reign of Shalmaneser III (reigned 859-824 BC), but was destroyed by the Babylonians in 614 BC and partially restored around 140 BC when the Parthians invaded Mesopotamia. Excavated in 1903-1913 by a German team led by W. Andre, the oldest of the three palace ruins is believed to be that of Shamshi-Adad I (reigned 1813-1781 B.C.), and one third of the 34 temples believed to have existed during the reign of Sennacherib (reigned 705-681 B.C.) were discovered. In 2003, it was registered as a World Heritage Site. Ashur |
アッシリア帝国の発祥地でその首都,その国名,守護神名。現在名はバグダード北西 270kmに位置するカラトシャルカート。前 2500年頃創建。守護神の町として勢力を有し,東と北はチグリス川と断崖に守られ,南と西に要害を築き,周囲 4kmの城壁をめぐらし,要衝の地として建設された。シャルマネゼル3世 (在位前 859~824) の頃最も栄えたが,前 614年バビロニアに破壊され,前 140年頃パルティア人によるメソポタミア侵攻の際,一部復興した。 1903~13年 W.アンドレのドイツ隊によって発掘されたが,三つの王宮跡のうち最古のものはシャムシ=アダド1世 (在位前 1813頃~1781頃) のものとされ,センナケリブ (在位前 705~681) 時代に 34あったとされた神殿の3分の1が発見された。 2003年世界遺産の文化遺産に登録。
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