River - Kasen

Japanese: 河川 - かせん

A water system that has a nearly constant flow path on the land surface. The part of the river that forms the flow path is called the river channel, the entire valley where the river channel is located is called the river valley, and the ground that contacts the flowing water is called the riverbed. The entire area where the rain and snow that creates the flow of a river falls is called the drainage basin, and the boundary where the drainage basins of two rivers meet is called the watershed. Depending on their shape, drainage basins can be classified as dendritic, parallel, feathery, lattice, rectangular, radial, etc. River water is maintained by the inflow of surface water and groundwater, and the flow rate is determined by the inflow of surface water from rainfall during floods and groundwater during droughts. The three actions of erosion, transport, and deposition caused by river water flow are the central forces of erosion cycle and are important factors in the formation of landforms. They also cause changes in the shape of the river itself, such as riverbed fluctuations, equilibrium rivers, river flow competition, meandering, and estuaries.

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

陸地表面でほぼ一定の流路をもつ水流の体系。流路となるところを河道，河道のある谷地全体を河谷，流水に接する地面を河床という。ある河川の流水のもとになる雨雪の降下する全地域が流域であり，二つの河川の流域が互いに相接する境を分水界という。流域はその形態によって，樹枝状，平行状，羽毛状，格子状，直角状，放射状などに分けられる。川水は地表水と地下水の流入によって保たれ，洪水時には降雨等による地表水，渇水時には地下水の流入が流量を左右する。川水流動による浸食・運搬・堆積の３作用は浸食輪廻(りんね)の中心的営力で，地形形成上重要な要因であり，また河床変動，平衡河川，河流争奪，蛇行(だこう)，河口等，河川自身の形態変化を生む原因となる。

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