Kokumenso - Kokumen no sho

Japanese: 国免荘 - こくめんのしょう

A manor that was granted exemption from tax by a kokushi (provincial governor). After the 10th century, much of the power in governing the provinces was left to the discretion of the kokushi, who did not have the authority to officially recognize the exemption from tax on manors. This system was established when kokushi, who did not have the authority to officially recognize the exemption from tax on manors, began to recognize manors within the country. However, the exemption was limited to the term of office of the kokushi. The Manor Reorganization Order of 1040 set out a policy that no new manors would be recognized after the appointment of the kokushi, creating the basis for the official recognition of kokumen by the central government, and in the Manor Reorganization Order of 1069, kokumen manors that were granted exemption from tax by the Record Manor Certificate Office (Kirokushoenkenkeijo) came to have the same meaning as those officially recognized by the central government.
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Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

国司(こくし)の免判により不輸(ふゆ)が認められた荘園。10世紀以降任国支配の実権の多くが国司の裁量にゆだねられると，本来荘園の不輸租を公認する権限を持たない国司によって，国内の荘園に不輸租が認められるようになり成立した。ただし不輸はその国司の在任中に限られていた。1040年の荘園整理令で当任国司以降の新たな荘園の立荘は認めないとする方針が打ち出されて，国免荘が中央政府によって公認される根拠が生まれ，1069年の荘園整理令では，記録荘園券契所(きろくしょうえんけんけいじょ)によって不輸が認められた国免荘は，中央政府によって公認されたのと同様の意味を持つこととなった。
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