Overhead line

Japanese: 架線 - かせん
Overhead line

A general term for electric wires that are erected above the track to supply the electricity required for electric operation. Overhead train line systems are broadly divided into overhead double-wire and overhead single-wire systems. Overhead double-wire systems form an electrical circuit by erecting two trolley wires above the track, and are used for trolleybuses. Overhead single-wire systems form an electrical circuit with a trolley wire erected above the track and the running rails, and all JR trains use this overhead line system. Overhead single-wire systems can be classified into direct suspension systems, catenary suspension systems, rigid suspension systems, and other systems depending on the method used to hold the trolley wire at a fixed height above the track.

The direct suspension method supports the contact wire directly on the support, and since it is difficult to make the height of the contact wire uniform, it is used in medium-to-low speed sections such as within stations. The catenary suspension method supports the contact wire at regular intervals on the overhead line, etc., so the contact wire can be erected at a nearly uniform height, making it suitable for high-speed operation. The rigid suspension method supports the contact wire on a conductive material (such as an aluminum T-shaped bar) that has the electrical properties of a feeder line, and is advantageous when reducing the cross-sectional area of ​​a tunnel, etc., but since there is no spring action to push up the overhead wire by the current collector, the current collection performance deteriorates at high speeds. This method is used in urban subways that share tracks with suburban overhead single-track railways.

[Akio Fujiwara]

[Reference item] | Trolley bus
Type of overhead line (single overhead line)
©Shogakukan ">

Type of overhead line (single overhead line)


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

電気運転に必要な電力を供給するため、軌道上方に架設した電線類の総称。架空電車線方式は架空複線式と架空単線式に大別される。架空複線式は、2条のトロリー線を軌道上方に架設して電気回路を構成する方式で、トロリーバスに採用されている。架空単線式は、軌道上方に架設したトロリー線と走行しているレールで電気回路を構成する方式で、JRではすべてこの架線方式を採用している。架空単線式には、トロリー線を軌道上方一定の高さに保持する方法により、直接吊架(ちょうか)方式、カテナリー吊架方式、剛体吊架方式などに分類できる。

 直接吊架方式は、支持物に直接トロリー線を支持するもので、トロリー線の高さを一様にすることが困難なため、構内などの中低速区間に採用されている。カテナリー吊架方式は、トロリー線を吊架線などに一定間隔で支持できるため、トロリー線をほぼ一様の高さに架設しうるので、高速運転に適している。剛体吊架方式は、き電線としての電気性能を有した導電形材(たとえばアルミT形材)にトロリー線を支持する方式で、トンネルなどの断面積を小さくする場合に有利であるが、集電装置による架線の押し上げ(ばね作用)がないため、高速になると、集電性能が悪くなる。この方式は、郊外架空単線式鉄道と相互乗り入れする都市地下鉄などに使用されている。

[藤原昭男]

[参照項目] | トロリーバス
架線の種類(架空単線式)
©Shogakukan">

架線の種類(架空単線式)


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