Family fortune - Kaloku

Japanese: 家禄 - かろく

During the samurai era, stipends were given by the lord to his retainers. There were three types: perpetual stipend, lifetime stipend, and annual stipend, but the most important was perpetual stipend. Perpetual stipends were in principle hereditary, and could be increased or decreased or taken away depending on merits or demerits, and were used as a standard for judging the status of samurai. In the Edo period, most were paid from stored rice, and only those with high family status were given chigyotori. As an exception, kagero was sometimes given to nobles, priests, and monks other than the samurai class. Perpetual stipends were given to families, but the other two were temporary, given to individuals. Kagero was retained for a while after the Meiji Restoration, but due to financial reasons and the policy of abolishing feudalism, it was reorganized in exchange for lump-sum grants or gold-stipend government bonds, and was abolished in 1876. (→Salary system)

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

武家時代，主家から家臣に与えられた俸禄。永世禄，終身禄，年限禄の3種があったが，最も重要なものは永世禄であった。永世禄は原則として子孫に世襲されるもので，功罪によって増減，あるいは剥奪が行われ，武士の身分判定の規準とされた。江戸時代になると，大部分は蔵米で支給される形がとられ，知行取りは家格の高いもののみであった。武士階級以外にも，例外として，公家，神官，僧侶などに家禄が与えられる場合があった。永世禄は家に対して与えられたが，ほかの2種は個人に対して与えられる臨時のものであった。明治維新後も家禄はしばらく存置されたが，財政上の理由もあり，封建制撤廃の方針もあって，一時賜金または金禄公債と引替えに整理し，1876年廃止された。 (→俸禄制度 )

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