Probabilistic reasoning

Japanese: 確率推論 - かくりつすいろん
Probabilistic reasoning

… In the above example where curry powder is not in its usual place, ¬〈there is curry powder〉 is very plausible, and from that perspective, it seems reasonable to conclude that ¬〈curry can be made〉 even if knowledge is lacking. Ways to express such plausibility include using probabilistic inference to infer that ¬〈curry can be made〉 with a high probability, or using nonmonotonic inference to make an inference that provisionally concludes that ¬〈there is curry powder〉 when it is not possible to derive that ¬〈there is curry powder〉 from the knowledge base, and then retracting the provisional conclusion when it is realized that ¬〈there is curry powder〉. Also, if the knowledge base contains information about curry ingredients other than curry powder, but the information that ¬there is curry powder is not in the knowledge base, when asked ¬Can curry be made? ¬It is possible to answer ¬〈if there is curry powder〉, curry can be made〉 instead of ¬I don't know〉 (since it is not currently known whether curry powder is present). …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "probabilistic inference" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

… カレー粉がいつも置いてある場所にない上の例でいえば,¬〈カレー粉がある〉は非常にもっともらしく,そのことから考えれば,たとえ知識が足りなくても¬〈カレーができる〉と結論づけることは合理的なように見える。このようなもっともらしさを表現する方法としては,高い確率で¬〈カレーができる〉ことを推論する確率推論を用いるか,〈カレー粉がある〉ということを知識ベースから導けない場合に,¬〈カレー粉がある〉と暫定的に結論を出し,〈カレー粉がある〉とわかった時点でその暫定的な結論を撤回するような推論を行う非単調推論を用いる。 また,カレー粉以外のカレーの材料があることが知識ベースに書かれていて,〈カレー粉がある〉という情報が知識ベースにない場合,〈カレーができるか〉ときいた場合に,〈わからない〉と答えるのではなく,(現在はカレー粉があるかどうかわからないので)〈カレー粉があれば,カレーができる〉という答えをする方法もある。…

※「確率推論」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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