Carcassonne (English spelling)

Japanese: カルカソンヌ（英語表記）Carcassonne

Aude is the capital of the Aude department in southern France. It faces the Aude River and the Canal du Midi. It is known for its well-preserved medieval streetscape, surrounded by an oval wall. It is divided into a 13th-century street on the left bank of the Aude, with regularly intersecting roads, and the historic site of the Cité on the right bank, surrounded by steep cliffs. The Romans built a fortress here in the 1st century BC, and in the 5th century, a castle town developed under the rule of the Visigoths. Roman roads led to the gradual development of commerce. After being occupied by the Saracens in the first half of the 8th century, it became the site of battles in the Albigensian Crusade in the 13th century, and was the target of political and military interests of the Pope, the King of France, and local lords, but it eventually came under the central government and became one of the administrative and military centers of the region. The fortress walls, 1,500m in circumference and renowned for their sturdiness, were restored by architect Viollet-le-Duc in the mid-19th century, thanks to the efforts of P. Mérimée, who was the director of historical sites, and were saved from becoming ruins. The town is home to the Michel Cathedral and the St. Vincent Cathedral (both from the 13th century), and tourism is the main industry. It was registered as a cultural heritage of the World in 1997. It is a center for the wine trade, and industries such as rubber and textiles are also well developed. Population 44,991 (1990).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

フランス南部，オード県の県都。オード川とミディ運河に臨む都市。楕円形の城壁に囲まれた中世の町並みを保存していることで知られる。オード川左岸に 13世紀につくられた，道路が規則正しく直交する町並みと，急崖に囲まれた右岸の史跡の「シテ」とに分かれている。前1世紀にローマ人がここに要塞を築き，5世紀には西ゴートの支配下で城下町が発達，ローマ街道が通じて商業も徐々に発展した。8世紀前半のサラセン人による占領を経て 13世紀にはアルビジョア十字軍の戦いの舞台となり，ローマ教皇，フランス国王，地方諸侯など，それぞれの政治的，軍事的思わくの対象となったが，結局中央政府に属し，地方の行政，軍事の中心地の一つとなった。周囲約 1500m，堅固さで知られる城壁などは，19世紀半ばに史跡監督官の職にあった P.メリメの努力により，建築家ビオレ＝ル＝デュクの修復が実現し廃墟となるところを免れた。町にはミシェル大聖堂，聖バンサン聖堂 (ともに 13世紀) などがあり，産業の中心は観光業。 1997年世界遺産の文化遺産に登録。ワインの取り引きの中心地で，ゴム，繊維などの工業も発達。人口4万 4991 (1990) 。

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